{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T04:58:15Z","timestamp":1778561895454,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,21]],"date-time":"2014-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,21]],"date-time":"2014-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Urol Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; To investigate the efficacy of diethylstilboestrol (DES) in patients with advanced prostate cancer refractory to androgen suppression. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; This retrospective study comprises 194 patients with prostate cancer treated with DES (1 mg daily) between 1976 and 2010. Study outcome parameters included demographic data, tumour characteristics, treatment history, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) responses, radiologic studies, adverse events and overall survival. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; At initiation of oestrogen therapy the mean patient age was 69 years (range: 48-89) and the median PSA was 96 ng\/ml (range: 1.9-9,500). The median duration of prior prostate cancer treatment was 29 months (range: 1-365). DES was the second-line treatment in 58 patients and the third\/fourth-line therapy in 136 men. A formal (\u226550%) PSA response was observed in 95 patients (48.9%) and the median time to progression (TTP) was 250 days (95% CI, 180-360) for this group. An additional 62 patients (31.9%) had a partial PSA response with a median TTP of 150 days (95% CI, 92-180). Thirty-seven patients (19.1%) did not have a PSA response and the median TTP was 90 days (95% CI, 90-97). The median overall survival from the start of oestrogen therapy for the entire cohort was 576 days (95% CI, 482-690). The median overall survival of patients who had a formal (\u226550%), partial (&lt;50%) and no PSA response was 756 (95% CI, 670-1,429), 428 (95% CI, 340-630) and 329 (95% CI, 287-510) days, respectively. Thirty-nine patients (20.1%) were still alive at the end of the study. No treatment-related deaths occurred. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; In the age of chemotherapy this study highlights the efficacy of oestrogen therapy in castration-refractory prostate cancer. The optimal point in the therapeutic pathway at which DES should be prescribed remains to be established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000365198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,21]],"date-time":"2014-10-21T08:14:36Z","timestamp":1413879276000},"page":"307-312","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Diethylstilboestrol (1 mg) in the Management of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Rafal","family":"Turo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenny","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Thygesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subramanian K.","family":"Sundaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Chahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Prescott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1941.01210140043004"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198411153112004"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(98)00173-3"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.2000.00673.x"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2010.12.004"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25194"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000087797"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.1996.23320.x"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70038-3"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70025-1"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000077558.48257.3d"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)02395-6"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1168175"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.10.042"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.9749"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2013.446"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1405095"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287213490054"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28518"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70424-8"}],"container-title":["Urologia Internationalis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/365198","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/365198","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T17:56:32Z","timestamp":1745430992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000365198"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,21]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000365198","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-1138","1423-0399"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-1138","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0399","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,21]]}}}