{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T12:52:17Z","timestamp":1770987137624,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Morphine is co-administered with adjuvant drugs to treat pain, nausea, vomiting, dyspnoea and delirium in cancer patients. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Aim of the Study:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; To investigate analgesic effects of morphine when co-administered with adjuvant drugs. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Material and Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Two-month-old male Wistar rats received single morphine doses alone (0.45 and 0.9 mg\/kg) or with midazolam (0.3 mg\/kg), haloperidol (0.15 and 0.45 mg\/kg), levomepromazine (0.35 mg\/kg), metoclopramide (1.0 mg\/kg), and hyoscine butylbromide (1.7 mg\/kg) as single subcutaneous injections. Analgesia was measured by the tail-flick test after 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 min of drug administration. In the case of significant analgesia enhancement, analgesic and sedative effects were explored in 3-, 5-, 6-, 8-, and 11-month-old rats. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Significant morphine (0.9 mg\/kg) analgesia enhancement was observed 60 min after haloperidol (0.15 and 0.45 mg\/kg) and hyoscine butylbromide co-administration. The addition of haloperidol to morphine significantly increased analgesia in 6-, 8- and 11-month-old rats while in the case of hyoscine butylbromide co-administration this effect was observed only in 11-month-old rats. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Haloperidol and hyoscine butylbromide enhanced morphine analgesia. Future studies may explore the repeated administration of these drug combinations in rats and humans. i 2014 S. 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