{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:07:13Z","timestamp":1762506433261,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respiration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> Diagnosis and treatment monitoring of patients with tuberculosis remain challenging. <b><i>Objective:<\/i><\/b> We have evaluated whether <i>Mycobacterium<\/i>-specific interferon (IFN)-&#947; and interleukin (IL)-2 bifunctional cytokine immune response assays improve the diagnosis of and correlate to treatment response in pulmonary tuberculosis. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> Early secretory antigenic target (ESAT)6\/culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP10), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein 65 (MTP65) and the purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin-specific immune profiles were investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 19 patients with culture-confirmed tuberculosis and 23 healthy community controls (HCCs; 82.6% with latent <i>M. tuberculosis<\/i> infection) using a novel fluorescence-based dual-colour enzyme-linked immunospot (EliSpot) technology (FluoroSpot). <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> The frequency of ESAT6\/CFP10-induced IFN-&#947;+IL-2- producing cells was elevated (p < 0.001), whereas the percentages of specific IFN-&#947;-IL-2+ (p = 0.002) and IFN-&#947;+IL-2+ double producing cells (p = 0.037) were diminished in tuberculosis patients in comparison to HCCs. A 3-host marker model using a combination of those IFN-&#947; and IL-2 single-cell responses showed 93.8% sensitivity and 77.8% specificity for tuberculosis. During tuberculosis treatment, the PPD-induced immune responses shifted from an IFN-&#947;+IL-2- dominated profile towards a balance of IFN-&#947;-IL-2+ and IFN-&#947;+IL-2+ double producing cells (all p \u2264 0.05). <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> The addition of antigen-specific IL-2 production to IFN-&#947; responses by EliSpot in IFN-&#947; release assays increases diagnostic sensitivity for active tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000365816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,9]],"date-time":"2014-09-09T07:51:41Z","timestamp":1410249101000},"page":"251-261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Bifunctional T-Cell-Derived Cytokines for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis and Treatment Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Paulin N.","family":"Essone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Kalsdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Novel N.","family":"Chegou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 G.","family":"Loxton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Kriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosemarie","family":"Preyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Walzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2009.01692.x"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00079310"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200701-024ED"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00006"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2299"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011670"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2006.11.010"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.8.5217"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017813"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027539"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00181610"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038501"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-10"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-66"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-138"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200511-1783OC"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046041"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00166-4"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.10.6554-6557.2001"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/tube.2001.0321"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315114"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00151413"}],"container-title":["Respiration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/365816","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/365816","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:02:05Z","timestamp":1745431325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000365816"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000365816","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.5126896","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0025-7931","1423-0356"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0025-7931"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1423-0356"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}