{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T01:25:06Z","timestamp":1789953906150,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Nutr Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Excessive consumption of protein that leads to increased blood levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is an important risk factor for high growth velocity and obesity in formula-fed infants. However, it is not clear whether these factors can explain the high growth velocity in breast-fed infants. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Aim:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; To study the possible links between the growth velocity in breast-fed infants and the levels of protein, IGF-1 and other hormones, which regulate energy homeostasis, in mothers' breast milk. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We studied 103 mother-infant pairs. Their daily breast milk intake and level of IGF-1, leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, protein and fat in breast milk were measured at 1, 2 and 3 months of lactation. The infant group was divided into three subgroups of low, normal and high weight gain tertiles. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The breast milk consumed by the infants with high weight gain contained higher levels of IGF-1 than that consumed by those with low weight gain at all periods studied (p = 0.032 at 3 months of lactation), and ghrelin levels were higher at 1 and 2 months and leptin levels at 2 and 3 months of lactation (p &lt; 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between the breast milk IGF-1 level and infant weight gain (r = 0.294, p = 0.043). Total daily breast milk, fat and hormone intake was also higher in the high weight gain group compared to the low weight gain group. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; One of the reasons for the high growth velocity in breast-fed infants may be the enhanced levels of the studied hormones in breast milk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000367998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,14]],"date-time":"2014-11-14T07:47:31Z","timestamp":1415951251000},"page":"317-323","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["The Study of Breast Milk IGF-1, Leptin, Ghrelin and Adiponectin Levels as Possible Reasons of High Weight Gain in Breast-Fed Infants"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Igor Ya","family":"Kon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia M.","family":"Shilina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria V.","family":"Gmoshinskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana A.","family":"Ivanushkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/an.112.002238"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2011.05.003"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.064071"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802758"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/327505"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31823fde04"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408399309527632"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-12-103"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000114863"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2010.02.008"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0739-7240(02)00149-2"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.10.002"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181f84208"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000264396"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.6.797"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2000.13.2.149"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000345876"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2011.12.028"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.11.020"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030214"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11537"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2012.02744.x"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2008.0137"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181567ed4"}],"container-title":["Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/367998","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/367998","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T17:45:17Z","timestamp":1745430317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000367998"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000367998","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.5127088","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0250-6807","1421-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0250-6807","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9697","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}