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Thyroglobulin (Tg) is an important target in iodine-induced autoimmune response due to post-translational modifications of iodinated Tg, as suggested in animal models. We have shown that the unmasking of a cryptic epitope on Tg contributes to iodine-induced thyroid autoimmunity in humans. The relationship between AITD and PTC has been suggested in many studies. The presence of two different mechanisms has been hypothesized, one typical of AITD and the other of an immune reaction to PTC. We have shown that in AITD, the pattern of Tg recognition by anti-Tg antibodies (TgAb) is \u2018restricted' to the immunodominant regions of Tg, while in patients with non-AITD, such as nodular goiter and PTC devoid of thyroid lymphocytic infiltration at histology, TgAb show a less restricted epitopic pattern and bind also to other regions of Tg. Thyroid function may also affect the frequency of PTC, the risk of cancer increasing with serum TSH levels. We have shown that this mechanism, rather than thyroiditis per se, plays a major role in the association of PTC with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, as a consequence of the autoimmune process leading to a progressive increase of serum TSH in these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000371741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T04:01:10Z","timestamp":1425355270000},"page":"26-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Iodine, Thyroid Autoimmunity and Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Emilio","family":"Fiore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Latrofa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Vitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070713054650500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pearce EN, Andersson M, Zimmermann MB: Global iodine nutrition: where do we stand in 2013? 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