{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T06:11:53Z","timestamp":1782454313845,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intervirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background\/Aims:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that causes a persistent infection, and only 0.5-5% of infected individuals will develop HTLV-1-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP). Therefore, we investigated parameters to discriminate HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers (ACs) with an increased chance to develop HAM\/TSP. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We evaluated integration patterns of HTLV-1 provirus, the relative expression of HTLV-1 &lt;i&gt;tax&lt;\/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;HBZ&lt;\/i&gt; mRNAs and of IFN-&amp;#947; and IL-10 mRNAs, in addition to proviral load (PVL) levels. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; HAM\/TSP patients presented a higher number of large persistent HTLV-1-carrying clones compared to ACs, and the expression of the HTLV-1 &lt;i&gt;tax&lt;\/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;HBZ&lt;\/i&gt; genes by infected cells was detected at low levels and correlated positively with PVL. In addition, HAM\/TSP patients and ACs with high PVL expressed higher levels of IFN-&amp;#947; mRNA in comparison to IL-10, while ACs with low PVL presented an equilibrate IFN-&amp;#947;\/IL-10 ratio. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The presence of large persistent HTLV-1-infected clones in association with viral gene expression, even at small levels, could stimulate the intense inflammatory response in HTLV-1-infected individuals. This was supported by a high ratio of IFN-&amp;#947;\/IL-10 relative expression in HAM\/TSP patients and ACs with high PVL, indicating that these parameters could aid the identification of ACs with a high risk to develop HAM\/TSP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000371766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]],"date-time":"2015-04-27T21:01:28Z","timestamp":1430168488000},"page":"106-114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["High IFN-&amp;#947;\/IL-10 Expression Ratio and Increased Frequency of Persistent Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1-Infected Clones Are Associated with Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1-Associated Myelopathy\/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis Development"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Ot\u00e1vio M.","family":"Esp\u00edndola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00e3 C.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscilla M.S.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Claudia C.B.","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco Antonio S.D.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Andrada-Serpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208981"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70628-7"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/3300"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/3420"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1201906"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-10-312926"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208970"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1996.0101"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900069"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-1-20"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-5-76"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M502639200"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4253-7_14"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v3071001"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M310069200"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.24.12813-12822.2002"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00480-06"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M307275200"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208297"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507631103"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-11-4551"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/510679"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-6-19"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-07-445593"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-11-172"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001117"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2001.00407.x"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200105010-00001"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/376529"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006517"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2009.02291.x"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.09.012"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/187152808785107642"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2012.10.003"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2009.03082.x"}],"container-title":["Intervirology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/371766","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/371766","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:16:10Z","timestamp":1745432170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000371766"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000371766","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-5526","1423-0100"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-5526","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0100","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}