{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:51:37Z","timestamp":1790697097619,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroepidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; In descriptive epidemiological studies, investigators must screen large numbers of individuals. How one best screens populations for essential tremor (ET); however, remains an open question. The collection of a standardized writing sample (e.g., a hand-drawn spiral) is a method with many practical advantages, yet there are virtually no data on the validity of this particular method. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Four hand-drawn spirals (2 right, 2 left) were collected from 831 ET cases across four distinct study settings (population-based study, family study, environmental epidemiological study, brain repository) and, in two of these studies, from 697 controls. Spirals were rated (range 0-3) by a senior movement disorder neurologist. These 1,528 participants also underwent a detailed neurological examination, and total tremor scores (range 0-36) and ET diagnoses were assigned by the neurologist. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The proportion of cases with hand-drawn spiral ratings \u22651.5 in either arm ranged from 78.8-97.0%; only 4.7% of controls had spirals with tremor of that severity. The hand-drawn spiral rating was highly correlated with the total tremor score (r = 0.65-0.73, p &lt; 0.001). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The hand-drawn spiral is a sensitive and specific method of screening for ET. Furthermore, it serves as a valid measure of overall tremor severity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000371850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,17]],"date-time":"2015-02-17T12:20:09Z","timestamp":1424175609000},"page":"45-50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Utility of the Hand-Drawn Spiral as a Tool in Clinical-Epidemiological Research on Essential Tremor: Data from Four Essential Tremor Cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Elan D.","family":"Louis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22838"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10376"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000099075.19951.8C"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7916\/D89P30BB"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130508"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0700-8"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10395"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000172352.88359.2d"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2012.10.005"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20583"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21069"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000109681"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7916\/D8CF9N23"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000345253"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt238"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130215"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.7.841"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1144"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22010"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10362"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00907-X"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000226124"}],"container-title":["Neuroepidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/371850","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/371850","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T17:35:43Z","timestamp":1745429743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000371850"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000371850","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0251-5350","1423-0208"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0251-5350","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0208","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}