{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T19:56:10Z","timestamp":1793822170804,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Res Paediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background\/Aims:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescence are controversial, primarily because the diagnostic pathological features used in adult women may be normal pubertal physiological events. Hence, international pediatric and adolescent specialty societies have defined criteria that have sufficient evidence to be used for the diagnosis of PCOS in adolescents. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The literature has been reviewed and evidence graded to address a series of questions regarding the diagnosis of PCOS during adolescence including the following: clinical and biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism, criteria for oligo-anovulation and polycystic ovary morphology, diagnostic criteria to exclude other causes of hyperandrogenism and amenorrhea, role of insulin resistance, and intervention. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results and Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Features of PCOS overlap normal pubertal development. Hence, caution should be taken before diagnosing PCOS without longitudinal evaluation. However, treatment may be indicated even in the absence of a definitive diagnosis. While obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia are common findings in adolescents with hyperandrogenism, these features should not be used to diagnose PCOS among adolescent girls.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000375530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T08:49:16Z","timestamp":1427878156000},"page":"376-389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":256,"title":["The Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome during Adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Selma F.","family":"Witchel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Oberfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Rosenfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2899-2705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ethel","family":"Codner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bonny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexia","family":"Pena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reiko","family":"Horikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Gomez-Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipesalema","family":"Joel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala","family":"Tfayli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silva","family":"Arslanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preeti","family":"Dabadghao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Garcia Rudaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.09.024"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031122"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1457"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2012"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.61"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.13.6.946"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1400574111"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.58"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.10.004"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.06.035"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02764.x"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.02.014"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der418"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0253"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.03.008"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2350"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0178"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/qhc.12.1.18"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmr042"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.21.4.363"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2437"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302011000800013"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmp024"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2012.03.023"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2013.797399"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.1.2.8354"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2009.03.007"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.06.064"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.02.056"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2012.02462.x"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.6.656"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.06.040"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2301"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2004.05.007"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jfprhc-2011-100175"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.109790"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-21-11-1440"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)70307-X"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0490B"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1864"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1314"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1123"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-7534"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.12.056"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.84.10.3666"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3399"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(83)80678-7"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.4.6543"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2771"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1770"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-45-5-1039"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000180567"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.9.2223"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-4-970"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199512000-00024"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3537"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0970213"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(98)00020-4"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03014468300006161"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1846"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh079"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.3.6423"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340802478166"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-196608000-00009"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.1.110"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.44.235.291"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2481"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0070(86)80014-6"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03014468400007411"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/beem.2002.0203"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmt061"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der102"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92552-8"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.06.015"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2012-0014"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-3336"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071465"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2013.11.007"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-009-1643-8"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23992"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0555"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.03.059"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.11.002"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der223"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmt062"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2012-0013"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2014.06.018"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/625105"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2010-0013"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1214"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0040"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2011.02550.x"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590701297708"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/Jcrpe.835"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-57-2-320"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.1.207"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(99)00383-0"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2631"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.06.025"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0319"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.04.015"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.81.3.8772605"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.109603"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.80.10.7559882"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-008-9096-y"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.12.6341"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.7.4084"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2003.09.045"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2005.11.003"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1666"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0203"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1707"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1198"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.12.046"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.11.019"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.03.001"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.87.3.1017"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590802630146"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-62-5-904"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.18.6.0318"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1999.00770.x"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.87.4.1555"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(01)00202-6"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del185"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2547"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0438"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.8.7756"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.05.023"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031848"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.053959"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2007.20.1.41"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1252"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2002"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-4190"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja11.10915"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2005.18.8.761"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.160.3.241"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0461"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2013.09.011"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.8.7756"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsn057"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.08.006"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.05.048"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2014.01.004"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12028"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031281"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1609"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713603060"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1754"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1041"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)02993-X"}],"container-title":["Hormone Research in Paediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/375530","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/375530","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T13:43:42Z","timestamp":1745415822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000375530"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":152,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000375530","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-2818","1663-2826"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-2818","type":"print"},{"value":"1663-2826","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}