{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:31:43Z","timestamp":1745469103109,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Aims:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; To describe the number, type and location of ophthalmic companies and their associated product areas and indications. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; A retrospective, non-patient-based, observational review of ophthalmic pharmaceutical and device companies with a new product in development. Data was compiled by Internet searches. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We identified 190 companies currently developing ophthalmic products: 134 (71%) were privately held and 56 (29%) publicly held, while 136 (72%) were in the United States and 53 (28%) were outside the United States. There were 436 total products of which 338 (78%) were pharmaceuticals and 98 (22%) devices. With pharmaceuticals we identified 46 separate indications with age-related macular degeneration (n = 75), glaucoma (n = 52) and dry eye (n = 46) as most common; anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, hormone therapy and anti-inflammatory products were also common classes. With devices there were 30 indications with glaucoma (n = 26), age-related macular degeneration (n = 19) and dry eye (n = 6) as most common; drug delivery, ocular implants and prostheses were less common classes. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Ophthalmology as a specialty is benefited by a wide effort in new medicine and device development. However, a concentration of effort into relatively few indications suggests a potential lack of market analysis and possible difficulty for many companies in commercializing their product.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000377636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,12]],"date-time":"2015-06-12T22:45:26Z","timestamp":1434149126000},"page":"6-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Description of Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical and Device Start-Up Companies"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"R. Allan","family":"Sharpe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer P.","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonnie","family":"Kruft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsay A.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanette A.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1178"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2012.02443.x"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12041"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5598"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.05.039"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.082040"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/377636","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/377636","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/377636","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T17:45:09Z","timestamp":1745430309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000377636"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000377636","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-3747","1423-0259"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0030-3747"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1423-0259"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}