{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T18:17:08Z","timestamp":1783448228185,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"1_Suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3917,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n Background: 3-Iodothyronamine (3-T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt;AM), a signaling molecule with structural similarities to thyroid hormones, induces numerous physiological responses including reversible body temperature decline. One target of 3-T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt;AM is the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), which is a member of the rhodopsin-like family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Interestingly, the effects of 3-T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt;AM remain detectable in TAAR1 knockout mice, suggesting further targets for 3-T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt;AM such as adrenergic receptors. Therefore, we evaluated whether \u03b2-adrenergic receptor 1 (ADRB1) and 2 (ADRB2) signaling is affected by 3-T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt;AM in HEK293 cells and in human conjunctival epithelial cells (IOBA-NHC), where these receptors are highly expressed endogenously. Methods: A label-free EPIC system for prescreening the 3-T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt;AM-induced effects on ADRB1 and ADRB2 in transfected HEK293 cells was used. In addition, ADRB1 and ADRB2 activation was analyzed using a cyclic AMP assay and a MAPK reporter gene assay. Finally, fluorescence Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;\/sup&gt; imaging was utilized to delineate 3-T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt;AM-induced Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;\/sup&gt; signaling. Results: 3-T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt;AM (10&lt;sup&gt;-5&lt;\/sup&gt;- 10&lt;sup&gt;-10&lt;\/sup&gt;&lt;smlcap&gt;M&lt;\/smlcap&gt;) enhanced isoprenaline-induced ADRB2-mediated G&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;\/sub&gt; signaling but not that of ADRB1-mediated signaling. MAPK signaling remained unaffected for both receptors. In IOBA-NHC cells, norepinephrine-induced Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;\/sup&gt; influxes were blocked by the nonselective ADRB blocker timolol (10 \u00b5&lt;smlcap&gt;M&lt;\/smlcap&gt;), indicating that ADRBs are most likely linked with Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;\/sup&gt; channels. Notably, timolol was also found to block 3-T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt;AM (10&lt;sup&gt;-5&lt;\/sup&gt;&lt;smlcap&gt;M&lt;\/smlcap&gt;)-induced Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;\/sup&gt; influx. Conclusions: The presented data support that 3-T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt;AM directly modulates \u03b2-adrenergic receptor signaling. The relationship between 3-T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt;AM and \u03b2-adrenergic signaling also reveals a potential therapeutic value for suppressing Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;\/sup&gt; channel-mediated inflammation processes, occurring in eye diseases such as conjunctivitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000381801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,28]],"date-time":"2015-05-28T17:20:21Z","timestamp":1432833621000},"page":"21-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The Multitarget Ligand 3-Iodothyronamine Modulates \u03b2-Adrenergic Receptor 2 Signaling"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Juliane","family":"Dinter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noushafarin","family":"Khajavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"M\u00fchlhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolin Leonie","family":"Wienchol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxi","family":"C\u00f6ster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hermsdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"St\u00e4ubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9187-9078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josef","family":"K\u00f6hrle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Sch\u00f6neberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Kleinau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Mergler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Biebermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070713070507400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scanlan TS: Minireview: 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM): a new player on the thyroid endocrine team? 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