{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T22:45:10Z","timestamp":1780613110858,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background\/Aim:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We examined tumor marker levels to assess in more detail transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE)-refractory hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We enrolled patients treated from 2000 to 2011 for HCC beyond the Milan criteria who had good hepatic reserve function (Child-Pugh A) and no portal vein thrombosis or metastases (n = 154). The modified criteria for being TACE-refractory according to the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan (m-LCSGJ), from which the tumor marker item was excluded, and the Assessment for Retreatment with TACE (ART) score were used for determining whether the HCC was TACE refractory. \u03b1-Fetoprotein \u2265100 ng\/ml, fucosylated \u03b1-fetoprotein \u226510%, and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin \u2265100 mAU\/ml were used to define whether tumor markers were positive. We added up the number of positive tumor markers as a prognostic score to assess in more detail the evaluation of TACE-refractory HCC. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; In order to divide the patients into a refractory and nonrefractory group, the m-LCSGJ criteria [mean survival time (MST) 27.1 vs. 49.9 months; p &lt; 0.001] were superior to the ART score (MST 22.0 vs. 35.1 months; p = 0.051). In the refractory group according to the m-LCSGJ criteria, the patients with a low score of positive tumor markers (&lt;2) after 2 sessions of TACE (n = 36) showed a better prognosis than the others (n = 72) (MST 37.7 vs. 23.2 months; p = 0.014). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Patients being nonrefractory according to the m-LCSGJ criteria had a better response, and using the number of tumor markers (\u22652) is an easy method for predicting the response to TACE and for a more detailed evaluation of TACE-refractory HCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000381808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]],"date-time":"2015-05-18T23:21:07Z","timestamp":1431991267000},"page":"167-174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Tumor Markers AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Refractory to Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1989-0480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Hiraoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Ishimaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Kawasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Aibiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomonari","family":"Okudaira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Toshimori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoe","family":"Kawamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroka","family":"Yamago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromasa","family":"Nakahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshifumi","family":"Suga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Azemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasunao","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Ninomiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Hirooka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bunzo","family":"Matsuura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoichi","family":"Hiasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kojiro","family":"Michitaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.09.032"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24199"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt247"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26256"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000343875"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199603143341104"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02471576"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0708857"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-013-0853-7"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000365993"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt054"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2011.06963.x"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000368142"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(05)00855-4"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2012.04.021"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2957\/kanzo.54.161"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26760"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12403"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-009-9711-7"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12123"}],"container-title":["Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/381808","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/381808","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T17:58:16Z","timestamp":1745431096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000381808"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]]},"publish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