{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T15:24:51Z","timestamp":1778599491475,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respiration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Nitrosative stress is involved in different airway diseases. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces neutrophil-related cytokine release and nitrosative stress in human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells alone or with human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Ambroxol protects against oxidative stress, and beclomethasone dipropionate is an anti-inflammatory drug. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We evaluated the ability of ambroxol and\/or beclomethasone dipropionate to inhibit LPS-induced expression\/release of RANTES, IL-8, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT: nitrosative stress biomarker) in BEAS-2B \u00b1 PMNs stimulated with LPS (1 \u03bcg\/ml). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The effect of ambroxol and\/or beclomethasone dipropionate on IL-8, RANTES and iNOS levels was assessed by Western blot analysis; IL-8, MPO and 3-NT levels were measured by ELISA. Cell viability was assessed by the trypan blue exclusion test. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; In BEAS-2B alone, LPS (at 12 h) increased RANTES\/iNOS expression and IL-8 levels (p &lt; 0.001). Ambroxol suppressed LPS-induced RANTES expression and IL-8 release (p &lt; 0.001), whilst inhibiting iNOS expression (p &lt; 0.05). Beclomethasone dipropionate had no effect on RANTES but halved iNOS expression and IL-8 release. Coculture of BEAS-2B with PMNs stimulated IL-8, MPO and 3-NT production (p &lt; 0.001), potentiated by LPS (p &lt; 0.001). Ambroxol and beclomethasone dipropionate inhibited LPS-stimulated IL-8, MPO and 3-NT release (p &lt; 0.05). Ambroxol\/beclomethasone dipropionate combination potentiated the inhibition of IL-8 and 3-NT production in BEAS-2B with PMNs (p &lt; 0.05 and p &lt; 0.01, respectively). Ambroxol and\/or beclomethasone dipropionate inhibited nitrosative stress and the release of neutrophilic inflammatory products in vitro. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The additive effect of ambroxol and beclomethasone dipropionate on IL-8 and 3-NT inhibition suggests new therapeutic options in the treatment of neutrophil-related respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000381905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]],"date-time":"2015-05-18T23:21:07Z","timestamp":1431991267000},"page":"572-582","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effect of Ambroxol and Beclomethasone on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Nitrosative Stress in Bronchial Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1826-5018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio 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