{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T03:19:59Z","timestamp":1762917599585,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Visc Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; &amp;#x201B;Sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients' (SC-CIP) is a cholestatic liver disease of unknown etiology and represents the most prevalent form of secondary sclerosing cholangitis. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; This overview is based on a systematic review of the literature searching for \u2018secondary sclerosing cholangitis', \u2018SC-CIP', \u2018cast syndrome', and \u2018ischemic cholangitis' in the database PubMed. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; SC-CIP can develop in patients with sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome during a long-term intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. It is a rare cholestatic liver disease with a rapid progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatic failure. SC-CIP is initiated by an ischemic injury to the biliary tree with subsequent stenoses of biliary ducts, biliary casts, and infections, often with multi-resistant bacteria. Mechanical ventilation with high positive end-expiratory pressure, prone positioning, and a higher volume of intraperitoneal fat have been proposed as risk factors for developing SC-CIP. Patients with SC-CIP have a poor prognosis, with liver transplantation (LT) being the only curative treatment option. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; In patients with sepsis, long-term ICU therapy and ongoing cholestasis SC-CIP must be excluded by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Due to the poor prognosis, the option of LT should be evaluated in all patients with SC-CIP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000431031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,10]],"date-time":"2015-06-10T18:04:45Z","timestamp":1433959485000},"page":"178-184","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Update on Sclerosing Cholangitis in Critically Ill Patients"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Gabriele I.","family":"Kirchner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"R\u00fcmmele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.41526.x"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2009.46"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1970.01340230012003"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00132586-197702000-00062"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200102000-00042"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(13)60940-X"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1325733"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i27.4199"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-783X-17-30"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.5.688"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01118.x"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccx.0000216585.54502.eb"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2010.01.015"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-008-0654-1"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-967024"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2010.537683"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-925241"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-2-14"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2006.04.004"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-014-0306-6"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)63706-3"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(94)90016-7"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.01.009"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-823099"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.5223"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2000.02091.x"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000155549.29643.ad"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35948"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.04.009"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-960172"}],"container-title":["Visceral Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/431031","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/431031","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:09:41Z","timestamp":1745431781000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000431031"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000431031","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-4725","2297-475X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2297-4725"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2297-475X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}