{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T03:26:40Z","timestamp":1792294000141,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neonatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is associated with changes in the luminal gut microbiota. It is not known whether the mucosa-associated microbiota is affected by NEC and stimulates inflammatory lesions. <b><i>Objective:<\/i><\/b> We hypothesized that the density of the mucosa-associated microbiota correlates with NEC severity in preterm pigs and that in vitro infection with increasing densities of <i>Clostridium perfringens<\/i>, which has been associated with NEC in preterm infants, would lead to a transcriptional response related to the inflammatory conditions of NEC. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> First, we determined the density of total bacteria and<i> C. perfringens<\/i> in the distal small intestinal mucosa of 58 NEC and healthy preterm pigs using quantitative PCR. Next, we analyzed in IPEC-J2 cells the effect of different infection densities of <i>C. perfringens<\/i> type A on the expression of genes related to intestinal function and immune response. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Total bacterial and <i>C. perfringens<\/i> densities were higher in NEC versus healthy pigs and correlated positively with NEC severity. In IPEC-J2 cells expression levels of inflammation-related genes (<i>CCL5, NFKBIA<\/i>,<i> IL8<\/i>, <i>IL1RN, <\/i>and<i> TNFAIP3<\/i>) increased, while the expression of the sodium\/glucose co-transporter (<i>SLC5A1)<\/i> decreased, with increasing density of <i>C. perfringens<\/i>. <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> Total bacterial and <i>C. perfringens<\/i> densities were higher in NEC versus healthy pigs and correlated positively with NEC severity. In IPEC-J2 cells expression levels of inflammation-related genes (<i>CCL5, NFKBIA<\/i>,<i> IL8<\/i>, <i>IL1RN, <\/i>and<i> TNFAIP3<\/i>) increased, while the expression of the sodium\/glucose co-transporter (<i>SLC5A1)<\/i> decreased, with increasing density of <i>C. perfringens<\/i>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000431280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,6]],"date-time":"2015-08-06T21:01:25Z","timestamp":1438894885000},"page":"188-195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Pigs Is Associated with Increased Density of Intestinal Mucosa-Associated Bacteria Including <b><i>Clostridium perfringens<\/i><\/b>"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Ann Cathrine F.","family":"St\u00f8y","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"M\u00f8lbak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla L.","family":"Del\u00e8gue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Thymann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per T.","family":"Sangild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M.H.","family":"Heegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarmauli","family":"Manurung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Skovgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]]},"container-title":["Neonatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/431280","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/431280","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:12:38Z","timestamp":1745431958000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000431280"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000431280","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1661-7800","1661-7819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1661-7800","type":"print"},{"value":"1661-7819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}