{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T15:54:18Z","timestamp":1768924458693,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fertility rates have been declining worldwide, with a growing number of young women suffering from infertility. Infectious and inflammatory diseases are important causes of infertility, and recent evidence points to the critical role of the early-life microbial environment in developmental programming of adult reproductive fitness. Our laboratory and others have demonstrated that acute exposure to an immunological challenge early in life has a profound and prolonged impact on male and female reproductive development. This review presents evidence that perinatal exposure to immunological challenge by a bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide, acts at all levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, resulting in long-lasting changes in reproductive function, suggesting that disposition to infertility may begin early in life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000431378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,28]],"date-time":"2015-05-28T21:20:21Z","timestamp":1432848021000},"page":"216-225","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Factors in Early-Life Programming of Reproductive Fitness"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0674-8824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luba","family":"Sominsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin 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