{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T08:35:55Z","timestamp":1758962155354,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lifestyle Genomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background\/Aims:<\/i><\/b> Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and is the commonest form of dementia. One aim of this study was to determine whether AD individuals have altered plasma folate, vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> and homocysteine (Hcy) levels compared to controls. The other aim was to investigate correlations between B vitamins and buccal biomarkers to test whether they are influenced by B vitamin status. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> Folate, vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> and Hcy were measured using ARCHITECT\u00ae and AxSYM\u00ae assays. Genomic stability was measured using the buccal micronucleus cytome assay. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for AD basal cells was 0.96 (p < 0.0001), for karyorrhectic cells 0.88 (p < 0.0001) and for basal and karyorrhectic cells 0.91 (p < 0.0001). Hcy was significantly increased (p = 0.0003) compared to controls. Plasma vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> in controls showed a positive correlation with pyknosis (r = 0.5365, p = 0.004), karyolysis (r = 0.5447, p = 0.004) and condensed chromatin (r = 0.5238, p = 0.006). Plasma vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> in AD cases showed a positive correlation with micronuclei (r = 0.3552, p = 0.04) and basal cells (r = 0.3448, p = 0.04), whilst plasma Hcy showed a negative correlation with karyorrhectic cells (r = -0.4107, p = 0.01). <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> Hcy was significantly increased in AD cases relative to controls. The lower frequency of basal cells and karyorrhectic cells observed in AD cases may be explained by lower vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> and higher Hcy levels, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000435784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]],"date-time":"2015-07-27T21:01:35Z","timestamp":1438030895000},"page":"57-69","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Buccal Cytome Biomarkers and Their Association with Plasma Folate, Vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> and Homocysteine in Alzheimer's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Philip","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Fenech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/324968"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajgp.11.2.246"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200206203462514"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00384.x"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112372200"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-006-9029-y"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.18"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3536(05)80216-1"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.7.3290"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/18.5.869"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/56.6.P327"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2004.03.008"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2005.05.012"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/gem044"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/gem029"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2009.53"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2013.07.002"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/19.7.1163"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/18.7.1329"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/52A.2.M76"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.9.1188"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00014306"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-203-43571"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.07.016"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(01)00570-6"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.9.1395"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/321262"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-004-0204-x"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.71052034.x"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0720771.x"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.4.1014"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410360510"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(01)00079-3"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1999.tb06936.x"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(00)00307-5"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00438-1"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011613"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10416"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811794106"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400225"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2007.08.012"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2012.01.004"}],"container-title":["Lifestyle 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