{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T03:27:26Z","timestamp":1747193246955,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Hered"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background\/Aims:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Amongst the many approaches to genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis (MA), the most popular methods are based on fixed-effects (FE) modeling because it tends to be the statistically most powerful approach in the absence of heterogeneity. However, FE-based MA ignores the potential heterogeneity that may exist between studies. The purpose of our analysis was to test whether results from random effects (RE)-based methods that account for heterogeneity differed significantly from the results that were originally published. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We reanalyzed two GWAS FE-based MAs of celiac disease with RE-based methods: (1) a two-stage GWAS MA that includes 9,451 celiac disease cases and 16,434 controls from 12 collections and (2) a single-stage GWAS MA using a custom dense genotyping platform to capture low-frequency and rare variants in 12,041 cases and 12,228 controls from 7 collections. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We present evidence that SNPs at loci that were previously reported to be genome-wide significant (GWS; p &lt; 5 \u00d7 10&lt;sup&gt;-8&lt;\/sup&gt;) in either the two-stage GWAS MA or the single-stage GWAS MA were not GWS when heterogeneity was accounted for by an RE MA method. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; This case study highlights the strengths of RE MA methods in the presence of heterogeneity and of pooled FE methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000437323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,5]],"date-time":"2015-10-05T21:01:24Z","timestamp":1444078884000},"page":"51-61","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Case Study of Fixed-Effects and Random-Effects Meta-Analysis Models for Genome-Wide Association Studies in Celiac Disease"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9698-2752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard 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