{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T03:04:30Z","timestamp":1788318270401,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Physiol Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Aims: A recent study demonstrates that pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs, i.e., IL-1\u03b2, IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1) in specific brain regions of rats play a role in regulating kainic acid (KA)-induced status epilepticus (SE) via a GABAergic mechanism. The purposes of this report were to examine contributions of hypoxia inducible factor subtype 1\u03b1 (HIF-1\u03b1) to expression of PICs in these specific brain regions in epileptic rats. Particularly, we investigated the parietal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. In addition, we further examined expression of Caspase-3 indicating cell apoptosis in those brain regions of epileptic rats after infusing 2-methoxyestradiol (2-MET, inhibitor of HIF-1\u03b1) and etanercept (TNF-\u03b1 receptor antagonist). Methods: ELISA was used to determine the levels of HIF-1\u03b1 and PICs and western blot analysis was used to examine Caspase-3 expression. Results: Our data show that HIF-1\u03b1 was significantly increased in the parietal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala 1, 3 and 7 days after induction of SE (P&lt;0.05 vs. control rats). Our results also show that inhibiting HIF-1\u03b1 by central infusion of 2-MET significantly decreased the amplified TNF-\u03b1 expression in these brain regions evoked by SE (P&lt;0.05 vs. vehicle control), but did not modify IL-1\u03b2 and IL-6. Our results demonstrate that 2-MET and etanercept attenuated an increase in Caspase-3 evoked by SE. Conclusion: Overall, we suggest that HIF-1\u03b1 activated by SE is likely to contribute to epileptic activity via a TNF-\u03b1 pathway, which has pharmacological implications to target specific HIF-1\u03b1 and TNF-\u03b1 pathways for neuronal dysfunction and vulnerability related to epilepsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000438610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,7]],"date-time":"2016-01-07T22:25:54Z","timestamp":1452205554000},"page":"75-82","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Inhibiting HIF-1\u03b1 Decreases Expression of TNF-\u03b1 and Caspase-3 in Specific Brain Regions Exposed Kainic Acid-Induced Status Epilepticus"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Jixue","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,8]]},"container-title":["Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/438610","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/438610","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/438610","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T17:42:21Z","timestamp":1745430141000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000438610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000438610","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1015-8987","1421-9778"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1015-8987","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9778","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}