{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T04:09:34Z","timestamp":1791691774459,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Res Paediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) presents a wide spectrum of pituitary gland disorders. The postnatal gonadotropic surge provides a useful period to explore the gonadotropic axis for assessing the presence of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Aim:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; To explore the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the postnatal gonadotropic surge for an early diagnosis of CHH in newborns or infants suspected of having CPHD. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Subjects and Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; A cohort of 27 boys under 6 months and 19 girls under 24 months of age with suspected hypopituitarism was studied. Serum concentrations of LH, FSH, testosterone, inhibin B, anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) and estradiol were measured, and male external genitalia were characterized as normal or abnormal (micropenis, microorchidism and\/or cryptorchidism). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; CPHD was confirmed in 36 out of 46 patients. Low LH and testosterone levels were found in 66% of the hypopituitary males, in significant association with the presence of abnormal external genitalia. This abnormality had a positive predictive value of 93% for CHH. No significant association was observed between serum FSH, AMH and inhibin B and the patient's external genitalia. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; In newborn or infant boys with CPHD, LH and testosterone concentrations measured throughout the postnatal gonadotropic surge, together with a detailed evaluation of the external genital phenotype, facilitate the diagnosis of CHH at an early stage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000439051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]],"date-time":"2015-09-11T04:14:44Z","timestamp":1441944884000},"page":"289-297","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism in Infants with Congenital Hypopituitarism: A Challenge to Diagnose at an Early 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