{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T08:47:24Z","timestamp":1771663644795,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background\/Aims:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We examined the effect of human complement sera (HCS) on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells with respect to pro-inflammatory mediators relevant in early age-related macular degeneration (AMD). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; RPE cells were treated with complement-containing HCS or with heat-inactivated (HI) HCS or C7-deficient HCS as controls. Cells were analysed for C5b-9 using immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were quantified by ELISA and RT-PCR. Tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), were analysed by Western blotting. The intracellular distribution of nuclear factor (NF)-&amp;#954;B was investigated by immunofluorescence. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; A concentration-dependent increased staining for C5b-9 but no influence on cell viability was observed after HCS treatment. ELISA and RT-PCR analysis revealed elevated secretion and expression of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1. Western blot analysis showed a concentration-dependent increase in ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and TNF-a in response to HCS, and immunofluorescence staining revealed nuclear translocation of NF-&amp;#954;B. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; This study suggests that complement stimulates NF-&amp;#954;B activation in RPE cells that might further create a pro-inflammatory environment. All these factors together may support early AMD development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000439596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,27]],"date-time":"2015-10-27T09:36:54Z","timestamp":1445938614000},"page":"195-203","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Complement Stimulates Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells to Undergo Pro-Inflammatory Changes"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Katharina","family":"Lueck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen 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