{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T03:29:38Z","timestamp":1768620578406,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,10]],"date-time":"2015-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,10]],"date-time":"2015-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447113600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>No ideal hepatoprotective agents are available in modern medicine to effectively prevent liver disorders. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the potential of &lt;i&gt;Zingiber officinale&lt;\/i&gt; in the regression of liver fibrosis and its underlining mechanism of action. To induce liver fibrosis, male Wistar rats received CCl&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;\/sub&gt; (2 ml\/kg\/2 times\/week; i.p.), with and without 300 or 600 mg\/kg &lt;i&gt;Z. officinale&lt;\/i&gt; extract daily through oral gavage. To assess the protective effect of &lt;i&gt;Z. officinale&lt;\/i&gt;, liver function parameters, histopathology, inflammatory markers and gene expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-\u00df1)\/Smad3 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-&amp;#x0138;B)\/I&amp;#x0138;B pathways were analyzed. Results demonstrate that &lt;i&gt;Z. officinale&lt;\/i&gt; extract markedly prevented liver injury as evident by the decreased liver marker enzymes. Concurrent administration of &lt;i&gt;Z. officinale&lt;\/i&gt; significantly protected against the CCl&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;\/sub&gt;-induced inflammation as showed by the decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels as well as the downregulation of the NF-&amp;#954;B\/I&amp;#954;B and TGF-\u00df1\/Smad3 pathways in CCl&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;\/sub&gt;-administered rats. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that the protective effect of &lt;i&gt;Z. officinale&lt;\/i&gt; against rat liver fibrosis could be explained through its ability to modulate the TGF-\u00df1\/Smad3 and NF-&amp;#954;B\/I&amp;#954;B signaling pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000441229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,9]],"date-time":"2015-11-09T22:01:31Z","timestamp":1447106491000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Protective Effect of &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Zingiber Officinale&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; against CCl&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;\/sub&gt;-Induced Liver Fibrosis Is Mediated through Downregulating the TGF-\u00df1\/Smad3 and NF-&amp;#954;B\/I&amp;#954;B Pathways"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7311-1412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iman 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