{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:39:27Z","timestamp":1792640367438,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,31]],"date-time":"2015-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,31]],"date-time":"2015-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446249600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Princ Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not radiographic changes observed in knee osteoarthritis (OA) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients on insulin therapy differed from those not on insulin. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Material and Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; A cross-sectional study was performed in 311 subjects: 211 T2DM patients and 100 without diabetes (controls) in Mubarak Hospital, Kuwait. Patients were categorized into 3 groups: T2DM patients not on insulin (G1, n = 99), T2DM patients on insulin (G2, n = 112) and a nondiabetic control group (G3, n = 100). Plain X-ray of both knees was used to assess the changes of knee OA and graded using the Kellegren-Lawrence scale (0-4) and the Osteoarthritis Research Society International Atlas grading scale (0-3). A total of 622 knee X-rays were evaluated. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; A highly significant association (p &lt; 0.0001) was observed for joint space narrowing (JSN) as well as for osteophyte formation between the three groups. Comparing G2 and G3, a highly significant association (p &lt; 0.0001) was retained for JSN [201 (89.7%) vs. 199 (99.5%)] and for osteophyte formation [26 (11.7%) vs. 72 (36.0%)]. Comparing G1 and G2, significantly less osteophyte formation was noted in G2 patients compared to G1 patients [26 (11.7%) vs. 39 (19.7%), p = 0.02]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the G2 group had less chance of osteophyte formation than either the G1 group or G3 control group (OR = 0.294, p = 0.008 and OR = 0.098, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Our findings show that T2DM patients with OA knees on insulin therapy have less radiographic osteophytes compared to T2DM patients not on insulin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000441418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]],"date-time":"2015-10-30T22:01:26Z","timestamp":1446242486000},"page":"12-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Knee Osteoarthritis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Does Insulin Therapy Retard Osteophyte Formation?"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Khaled","family":"Al-Jarallah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diaa","family":"Shehab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabila","family":"Abdella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisham","family":"Al Mohamedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mini","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.146399"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2009.0110"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2013.09.007"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.06.006"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0924"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2012.135"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.01.008"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e31827cd578"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8227(95)01128-5"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2002.0813"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780350313"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00159.2005"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(75)90154-9"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-100-3-668"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00296654"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-S011"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009748709102182"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.16.4.494"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8832(11)80051-X"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-109-1-18"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(81)90422-8"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3068"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/pba.v2i0.17470"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5606\/ArchRheumatol.2015.5249"}],"container-title":["Medical Principles and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/441418","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/441418","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/441418","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:00:25Z","timestamp":1745431225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000441418"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,31]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000441418","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1011-7571","1423-0151"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1011-7571","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0151","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,31]]}}}