{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:38:04Z","timestamp":1790267884185,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cerebrovasc Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> The development of collateral circulation is proposed as an inherent compensatory mechanism to restore impaired blood perfusion after ischemia, at least in the penumbra. We have studied the dynamic macro- and microcirculation after ischemia-reperfusion in the juvenile rat brain and evaluated the impact of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibition on the collateral flow. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> Fourteen-day-old (P14) rats were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion and treated with either PBS or 7-nitroindazole (7-NI, an nNOS inhibitor, 25 mg\/kg). Arterial blood flow (BF) was measured using 2D-color-coded pulsed ultrasound imaging. Laser speckle contrast (LSC) imaging and sidestream dark-field videomicroscopy were used to measure cortical and microvascular BF, respectively. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> In basal conditions, 7-NI reduced BF in the internal carotids (by \u223c25%) and cortical (by \u223c30%) BF, as compared to PBS. During ischemia, the increased mean BF velocity in the basilar trunk after both PBS and 7-NI demonstrated the establishment of collateral support and patency. Upon re-flow, BF immediately recovered to basal values in the internal carotid arteries under both conditions. The 7-NI group showed increased collateral flow in the penumbral tissue during early re-flow compared to PBS, as shown with both LSC imaging and side-stream dark-field videomicroscopy. The proportion of perfused capillaries was significantly increased under 7-NI as compared to PBS when given before ischemia (67.0 \u00b1 3.9 vs. 46.8 \u00b1 8.8, p < 0.01). Perfused capillaries (63.1 \u00b1 17.7 vs. 81.1 \u00b1 20.7, p < 0.001) and the BF index (2.4 \u00b1 0.6 vs. 1.3 \u00b1 0.1, p < 0.001) significantly increased under 7-NI given at the re-flow onset. <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> Collateral support in the penumbra is initiated during ischemia, and may be increased during early re-flow by neuronal NOS inhibition (given in pre- and post-treatment), which may preserve brain tissue in juvenile rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000441663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]],"date-time":"2015-11-24T22:01:30Z","timestamp":1448402490000},"page":"40-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Early Recruitment of Cerebral Microcirculation by Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition in a Juvenile Ischemic Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"P.L.","family":"Leger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Bonnin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Moretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Duranteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Renolleau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Baud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Charriaut-Marlangue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]]},"container-title":["Cerebrovascular Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/441663","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/441663","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:02:59Z","timestamp":1745431379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000441663"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000441663","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.5128978","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1015-9770","1421-9786"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1015-9770","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9786","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]]}}}