{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:40:42Z","timestamp":1790887242359,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Recently, a cluster of patients with an intractable allergic fungal cough who were characterized by sensitization to &lt;i&gt;Bjerkandera adusta&lt;\/i&gt; was reported. In the present study, the role of Toll-like receptors and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in &lt;i&gt;B. adusta-&lt;\/i&gt;induced lung inflammation was investigated. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Wild-type (WT), &lt;i&gt;TLR2&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-\/-&lt;\/sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;TLR4&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-\/-&lt;\/sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;\/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;MyD88&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-\/-&lt;\/sup&gt; BALB\/c mice were intratracheally challenged with &lt;i&gt;B. adusta&lt;\/i&gt; 4 times at 2-week intervals. Lung pathology, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytological profiles, and inflammatory mediators in BALF were investigated. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) from &lt;i&gt;TLR2&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;-\/-&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;TLR4&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;-\/-&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;, TLR2\/4&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;-\/-&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/sup&gt;, &lt;i&gt;TLR7\/9&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;-\/-&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;MyD88&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-\/-&lt;\/sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;\/i&gt; and WT C57BL\/6J mice were stimulated with&lt;i&gt; B. adusta&lt;\/i&gt; for 12 h, and inflammatory mediators in the culture medium were measured. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;B. adusta&lt;\/i&gt; caused lung inflammation along with Th2 cytokine [interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13] and eosinophil-related chemokine [eotaxin and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-3)] production, an increase in eosinophils in BALF, and eosinophil infiltration in the airways in WT and &lt;i&gt;TLR4&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;-\/-&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/sup&gt; mice. However, Th2 and eosinophil-related responses in &lt;i&gt;TLR2&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;-\/-&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/sup&gt; and &lt;i&gt;MyD88&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;-\/-&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/sup&gt; mice were low or undetectable. The induction of neutrophils and IL-6, IL-12, IL-17A, and MCP-1 in the BALF of &lt;i&gt;MyD88&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;-\/-&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/sup&gt; mice was attenuated compared to that in WT mice. The induction of IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, MCP-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1\u03b1 was reduced or undetectable in &lt;i&gt;B. adusta-&lt;\/i&gt;stimulated BMDM from &lt;i&gt;TLR7\/9&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-\/-&lt;\/sup&gt; and &lt;i&gt;MyD88&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-\/-&lt;\/sup&gt; mice compared to WT mice. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; These results suggest that TLR2 and the adapter protein MyD88 may play an important role in the induction of eosinophils by &lt;i&gt;B. adusta.&lt;\/i&gt; However, TLR7\/9-MyD88 might be important in the induction of neutrophils and the relevant inflammatory mediators, especially IL-17A.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000441895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,8]],"date-time":"2015-12-08T21:56:04Z","timestamp":1449611764000},"page":"96-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Role of Toll-Like Receptors and Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 in &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bjerkandera 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