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Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Innate Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Interleukin 1 (IL-1) \u03b2 is a critical cytokine that orchestrates host defenses against &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;\/i&gt; and is crucial for the eradication of bacteria. The production and action of IL-1\u03b2 are regulated by multiple control pathways. Among them, IL-1RII (the type II IL-1 receptor) acts as a decoy receptor and has been shown to regulate the biological effects of IL-1\u03b2. High levels of soluble IL-1RII are present in septic patients; however, the stimuli that regulate the expression and release of IL-1RII in pathological conditions are incompletely elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrated the ability of &lt;i&gt;S. aureus&lt;\/i&gt; and protein A to induce IL-1RII shedding in myeloid cells. The positive modulation of IL-1RII expression and cleavage was associated with the failure to detect IL-1\u03b2 in response to &lt;i&gt;S. aureus&lt;\/i&gt; both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that the soluble form of the receptor could be masking the availability of IL-1\u03b2. The absence of detectable IL-1\u03b2 was associated with low levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines known to be regulated by IL-1\u03b2 and with increased bacterial persistence. Modulation of decoy receptors during systemic &lt;i&gt;S. aureus&lt;\/i&gt; infection is proposed as a new strategy used by this bacterium to evade the immune response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000443663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,11]],"date-time":"2016-03-11T22:01:33Z","timestamp":1457733693000},"page":"284-298","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Induces Shedding of IL-1RII in Monocytes and Neutrophils"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Constanza","family":"Giai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cintia 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