{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:15:43Z","timestamp":1791231343225,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neonatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Doxapram has been advocated as a treatment for persistent apnea of prematurity (AOP). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; To evaluate the effect of doxapram on long-term neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants as its safety still needs to be established. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; From a retrospective cohort of preterm infants with a gestational age (GA) &lt;30 weeks and\/or a birth weight &lt;1,250 g, born between 2000 and 2010, infants treated with doxapram (n = 142) and a nontreated control group were selected (n = 284). Patient characteristics and clinical and neurodevelopmental outcome data at 24 months' corrected age were collected. Neurodevelopmental delay (ND) was defined as having a Mental or Psychomotor Developmental Index (MDI\/PDI) &lt;-1 standard deviation (SD), cerebral palsy, or a hearing or visual impairment. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using multiple logistic regression analyses adjusting for potential confounders. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Infants treated with doxapram had a lower GA compared to controls. The number of infants with a MDI or PDI &lt;-1 SD was not different between the groups. The risk of the combined outcome death or ND was significantly lower in the doxapram group after adjusting for confounding factors (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.78). Doxapram-treated infants had a higher risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and patent ductus arteriosus, but a lower risk of spontaneous intestinal perforation. All other morbidities were not different between the groups. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; This study suggests that doxapram is not associated with an increased risk of ND. These findings need to be confirmed or refuted by a large, well-designed, placebo-controlled randomized trial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000444006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,11]],"date-time":"2016-03-11T22:01:41Z","timestamp":1457733701000},"page":"21-26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcome after Doxapram for Apnea of Prematurity"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Christine H.","family":"ten Hove","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roseanne J.","family":"Vliegenthart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjan B.","family":"te Pas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Brouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Rijken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleid G.","family":"van Wassenaer-Leemhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton H.","family":"van Kaam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wes","family":"Onland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1526-0542(04)90067-X"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000140.pub2"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054065"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa073679"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-200x.2001.01359.x"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(86)80786-7"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000243342"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000014160"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/251047"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12681"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.119592"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250500254449"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62049-3"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07414.x"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2009.09.008"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.09.003"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2007.098"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.979783"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.161.11.1082"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.01.047"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2004.10.024"}],"container-title":["Neonatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/444006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/444006","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/444006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T17:43:20Z","timestamp":1745430200000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000444006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000444006","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1661-7800","1661-7819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1661-7800","type":"print"},{"value":"1661-7819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}