{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T16:25:46Z","timestamp":1770222346011,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background\/Aims:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; To characterize the anticonvulsant effects of a combination of 3 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs; i.e. carbamazepine (CBZ), phenobarbital (PB) and topiramate (TPM)) at the fixed-ratio of 1:1:1 in the mouse maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizure model. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Tonic hind limb extension (seizure activity) was evoked in adult male albino Swiss mice by a current (sine-wave, 25 mA, 500 V, 50 Hz, 0.2 s stimulus duration) delivered via auricular electrodes. Type I isobolographic analysis for parallel dose-response relationship curves (DRRCs) was used to analyze the 3-drug combination. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; In the mouse MES model, all the studied AEDs (i.e. CBZ, PB and TPM) administered singly had their DRRCs parallel to each other. With type I isobolography for parallel DRRCs, a combination of CBZ, PB and TPM at the fixed-ratio of 1:1:1 exerted supra-additive (synergistic) interaction in the mouse MES model. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Synergistic interaction among CBZ, PB and TPM at the fixed-ratio of 1:1:1 against MES-induced seizures is worthy of consideration in further clinical settings. All detailed calculations required to perform type I isobolographic analysis for the 3-drug combination were presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000444452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]],"date-time":"2016-02-25T01:24:20Z","timestamp":1456363460000},"page":"259-264","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Isobolographic Analysis of Interaction for Three-Drug Combination of Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital and Topiramate in the Mouse Maximal Electroshock-Induced Seizure Model"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3059-0393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jarogniew J.","family":"Luszczki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]]},"container-title":["Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/444452","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/444452","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T17:48:08Z","timestamp":1745430488000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000444452"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000444452","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.5129584","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0031-7012","1423-0313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-7012","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}