{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T15:18:51Z","timestamp":1782832731823,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Cytologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Nondiagnostic cytology is the most important limitation of thyroid ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (US-FNA). This study aimed to identify factors associated with the adequacy rate of thyroid US-FNA. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Study Design:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Consecutive thyroid US-FNAs (2006-2013) were retrospectively included. Attending radiologists, radiology fellows and radiology residents performed US-FNA, usually involving 2-3 needle passes. In more recent years, rapid on-site adequacy assessment (ROSAA) was performed to ensure specimen adequacy. US characteristics, procedural variations and cytology results were extracted from US and pathology reports and statistically evaluated. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Diagnostic cytology was obtained in 64.6% of 1,381 thyroid US-FNAs. Factors associated with nondiagnostic cytology were ROSAA (74.6% diagnostic cytology, OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42-0.71), \u22653 clinic visits for US-FNA of the same thyroid nodule (54.7%, OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.16-2.10) and increased intranodular vascularization (51.8%, OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.17-2.57). With ROSAA, an increasing number of needle passes demonstrated improving adequacy rates. The adequacy rate was not operator-dependent. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; This study demonstrates that ROSAA improves the adequacy rate of thyroid US-FNA. Without ROSAA, we recommend performing at least 3 needle passes. Less diagnostic cytology is obtained from nodules with increased intranodular vascularization or from those undergoing US-FNA \u22653 times.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000444917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,17]],"date-time":"2016-03-17T22:01:55Z","timestamp":1458252115000},"page":"39-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Thyroid Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration: The Positive Influence of On-Site Adequacy Assessment and Number of Needle Passes on Diagnostic Cytology Rate"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth J.","family":"de Koster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob W.","family":"Kist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menno R.","family":"Vriens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inne 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