{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T16:11:39Z","timestamp":1779898299200,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Physiol Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Aims: Neuroinflammation mediated by activated microglia may play a pivotal role in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) pathologic conditions, including ethanol-induced neurotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the function of T\u03b24 in ethanol-induced microglia activation. Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to assess the expression of T\u03b24 and miR-339-5p. Western blot analysis was used to measure the expression of T\u03b24, phosphorylated p38, ERK, JNK, Akt, and NF-\u03baB p65. The concentration of TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 was determined using ELISA. NO concentration was measured using a nitric oxide colorimetric BioAssay Kit. Double immunofluorescence was performed to determine T\u03b24 expression, in order to assess microglial activation in neonatal mouse FASD model. Results: Increased T\u03b24 expression was observed in ethanol treated microglia. Knockdown of T\u03b24 enhanced ethanol-induced inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) and interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) and nitric oxide (NO) in BV-2 cells was performed. Exogenous T\u03b24 treatment significantly inhibited expression and secretion of these inflammatory mediators. T\u03b24 treatment attenuated p38, ERK MAPKs, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB) pathway activation, and enhanced miR-339-5p expression induced by ethanol exposure in microglia. A neonatal mouse fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) model showed that T\u03b24 expression in the microglia of the hippocampus was markedly enhanced, while T\u03b24 treatment effectively blocked the ethanol-induced increase in inflammatory mediators, to the level expressed in vehicle-treated control animals. Conclusion: This study is the first to demonstrate the function of T\u03b24 in ethanol-induced microglia activation, thus contributing to a more robust understanding of the role of T\u03b24 treatment in CNS disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000445578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]],"date-time":"2016-05-18T21:20:35Z","timestamp":1463606435000},"page":"2230-2238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Function of Thymosin Beta-4 in Ethanol-Induced Microglial Activation"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weichen","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hengbing","family":"Zu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongfei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,19]]},"container-title":["Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/445578","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/445578","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/445578","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T17:58:45Z","timestamp":1745431125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000445578"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000445578","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1015-8987","1421-9778"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1015-8987","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9778","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}