{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T12:35:56Z","timestamp":1772109356191,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Focal dystonia in hemiplegic upper limbs is poorly responsive to medications or classical neurosurgical treatments. Only repeated botulinum toxin injections show efficacy, but in most severe cases effects are transient. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Cervical DREZ lesioning, which has proven efficacious in hyperspasticity when done deeply (3-5 mm) in the dorsal horn, may have favorable effects on the dystonic component when performed down to, and including, the base of the ventral horn (5-6 mm in depth). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Three patients underwent deep cervical microsurgical DREZotomy (MDT) for focal dystonia in the upper limb. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Hypertonia was reduced, and sustained dystonic postures were suppressed. Residual motor function (hidden behind hypertonia) came to the surface. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Cervical MDT may be a useful armamentarium for treating refractory focal dystonia in the upper limb.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000446078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,25]],"date-time":"2016-05-25T21:36:28Z","timestamp":1464212188000},"page":"140-146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Focal Dystonia in Hemiplegic Upper Limb: Favorable Effect of Cervical Microsurgical DREZotomy Involving the Ventral Horn - A Report of 3 Patients"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Marc","family":"Sindou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Georgoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000089989"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000313872"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198605000-00013"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-1771-2"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10377"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq270"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-8909-2_26"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901530103"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900960303"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-015-2603-5"}],"container-title":["Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/446078","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/446078","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/446078","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:04:33Z","timestamp":1745431473000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000446078"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000446078","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1011-6125","1423-0372"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1011-6125","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0372","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}