{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T14:02:05Z","timestamp":1780322525296,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,21]],"date-time":"2016-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,21]],"date-time":"2016-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chemotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria in clinical and environmental settings is a global problem. Many antibiotic resistance genes are located on mobile genetic elements such as plasmids and integrons, enabling their transfer among a variety of bacterial species. Water distribution systems may be reservoirs for the spread of antibiotic resistance. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Bacteria isolated from raw, treated, and municipal tap water samples from selected water distribution systems in south-western Nigeria were investigated using the point inoculation method with seeded antibiotics, PCR amplification, and sequencing for the determination of bacterial resistance profiles and class 1\/2 integrase genes and gene cassettes, respectively. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;sul1,&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;sul2,&lt;\/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;sul3&lt;\/i&gt; were detected in 21.6, 27.8, and 0% of the isolates, respectively (n = 162). Class 1 and class 2 integrons were detected in 21.42 and 3.6% of the isolates, respectively (n = 168). Genes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides &lt;i&gt;(aadA2, aadA1,&lt;\/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;aadB),&lt;\/i&gt; trimethoprim &lt;i&gt;(dfrA15, dfr7,&lt;\/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;dfrA1),&lt;\/i&gt; and sulfonamide &lt;i&gt;(sul1)&lt;\/i&gt; were detected among bacteria with class 1 integrons, while genes that encodes resistance to strepthothricin &lt;i&gt;(sat2)&lt;\/i&gt; and trimethoprim &lt;i&gt;(dfrA15)&lt;\/i&gt; were detected among bacteria with class 2 integrons. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Bacteria from these water samples are a potential reservoir of multidrug-resistant traits including sul genes and mobile resistance elements, i.e. the integrase gene.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000446150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,22]],"date-time":"2016-06-22T19:27:24Z","timestamp":1466623644000},"page":"34-42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Characterization of Integrons and Sulfonamide Resistance Genes among Bacteria from Drinking Water Distribution Systems in Southwestern Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Ayodele T.","family":"Adesoji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeniyi A.","family":"Ogunjobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac 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