{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T22:25:14Z","timestamp":1778797514563,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neonatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; There is insufficient information regarding acute pain reactions among premature infants with a gestational age of less than 26 weeks and no appropriate scale for pain measurement in this age group. We hypothesized that these infants present specific reactions to a standardized pain stimulus within the first 3 days of life. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methodology:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Mixed-methods, prospective, open-label, single-arm, observational study. Routine capillary or peripheral blood takes were filmed. The model consisting of a baseline, a preparatory, an interventional and a return-to-baseline phase was filmed. After a pilot evaluation, experienced medical and nursing neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) staff analysed the videos. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Twenty infants with gestational ages ranging from 22 weeks and 3 days to 26 weeks (mean 24 weeks) were recruited. Nineteen infants showed pain reactions, with a mean latency of 8.3 s (range 2-30). The majority presented eye movements, changes of the breath pattern and a slight increase in the mean Sp&lt;smlcap&gt;O&lt;\/smlcap&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; value. A high degree of interrater and intrarater reliability was found. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Discussion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Premature infants with a gestational age of up to 26 weeks can present a variety of discrete reactions as response to a pain stimulus within the first 72 h of life. Experienced NICU staff can perform a valid and reliable evaluation of these reactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000446172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]],"date-time":"2016-06-15T21:05:33Z","timestamp":1466024733000},"page":"261-266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pain-Related Reactions among Premature Infants with Gestational Age Less than 26 Weeks: An Observational Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Kyriakos","family":"Martakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"H\u00fcnseler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kruthika","family":"Thangavelu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Kribs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)62134-2"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.1.60"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.02.007"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ANC.0000278214.49133.7d"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(93)90132-9"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(93)90162-I"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(87)90073-X"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2007.12.007"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.07.022"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(74)90454-5"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80282-0"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0b013e3182a41452"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/19.4.485"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.86.2.420"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.6.851"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198505233122104"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.824"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JPN.0000000000000138"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1020419"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ANC.0000267914.96844.ce"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-012-0924-4"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001069.pub3"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-014-2472-6"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13210"}],"container-title":["Neonatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/446172","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/446172","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/446172","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:05:03Z","timestamp":1745431503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000446172"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000446172","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1661-7800","1661-7819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1661-7800","type":"print"},{"value":"1661-7819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}