{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:45:17Z","timestamp":1791193517765,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Complex Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; This study investigated the effect of lithium monotherapy on peripheral lymphocyte gene expression in bipolar disorder (BD). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Twenty-two medication-free bipolar subjects (11 hypomanic, 11 depressed) were started on lithium monotherapy. Closely matched healthy subjects (n = 15) were included as controls but did not receive treatment. Blood RNA samples were collected at baseline and after 2 and 8 weeks of treatment. RNA expression was measured using the Affymetrix GeneChip\u00ae Human Gene 1.0 ST Array followed by Ingenuity pathways analysis. The results for the contrast of weeks 2 and 8 were not significantly different and were combined. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; In BD subjects, 56 genes showed significant (false discovery rate &lt;0.1) expression changes from baseline; the effect sizes and directions for all of these were similar at weeks 2 and 8. Among these were immune-related genes (IL5RA, MOK, IFI6, and RFX2), purinergic receptors (P2RY14, P2RY2, and ADORA3) and signal transduction-related genes (CAMK1 and PIK3R6). Pathway and upstream regulator analysis also revealed that lithium altered several immune- and signal transduction-related functions. Differentially expressed genes did not correlate with week 8 clinical response, but other genes involved in protein synthesis and degradation did. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Peripheral gene expression may serve as a biomarker of lithium effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000446348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]],"date-time":"2016-06-28T21:24:40Z","timestamp":1467149080000},"page":"115-123","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effects of Lithium Monotherapy for Bipolar Disorder on Gene Expression in Peripheral Lymphocytes"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Amit","family":"Anand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanette N.","family":"McClintick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Murrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harish","family":"Karne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John I.","family":"Nurnberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0344-9690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Howard J.","family":"Edenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00165-1"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890160103"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199909000-00004"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301640"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YPG.0b013e3282fb0051"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e328011b5b2"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(01)00744-4"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.10.045"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300383"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114529379"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2013.04.004"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.12.025"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2004.01.009"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30272"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-5380-2-15"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2013.16"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950110009002"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.133.5.429"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-7-49"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1530509100"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2427"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.87"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.03.016"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2014.00098"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001111"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14289-4"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/13816128113199990509"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.11.011"}],"container-title":["Complex Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/446348","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/446348","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:06:25Z","timestamp":1745431585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000446348"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000446348","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.3465356.v1","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2673-3005","2673-298X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-3005","type":"print"},{"value":"2673-298X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}