{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:42:51Z","timestamp":1791985371562,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Atrial \ufb01brosis, a marker of atrial structural remodeling, plays a critical role in atrial \ufb01brillation (AF). \u03b1- Actinin-2 is associated with structural remodeling related to stretching. The transforming growth factor-\u03b21 (TGF-\u03b21)\/Smad pathway plays an important role in atrial fibrosis. We investigated the effects of the TGF-\u03b21\/Smad signaling pathway on \u03b1-actinin-2 in atrial fibrosis in patients with AF. Methods: Forty-one right atrial specimens obtained from patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) were divided into a chronic (c)AF group, i.e. RHD + cAF (n = 29), and a sinus rhythm group, i.e. RHD + sinus rhythm (n = 12). Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and sinus rhythm who underwent heart surgery served as controls (n = 10). Fibrosis was assessed by histological examination, and expression of \u03b1-actinin-2, TGF-\u03b21 and Smad2\/phosphorylated Smad2 (p-Smad2) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. In rat atrial fibroblasts treated with TGF-\u03b21, the collagen content was measured using hydroxyproline detection, and \u03b1-actinin-2 and p-Smad2 were evaluated by semiquantitative reverse-transcription PCR and Western blotting. Results: The histology results revealed a significant increase in atrial fibrosis in AF patients. The collagen content, mRNA and protein expression levels of \u03b1-actinin-2 and the components of the TGF-\u03b21\/Smad signaling pathway were significantly gradually increased in the CHD + sinus rhythm, RHD + sinus rhythm and RHD + cAF groups (p &lt; 0.05). The mRNA and protein levels of \u03b1-actinin-2 and TGF-\u03b21 in RHD patients were positively correlated with the collagen volume fraction. A positive correlation between the expression of \u03b1-actinin-2 and TGF-\u03b21 was also observed. In rat atrial fibroblasts treated with TGF-\u03b21, the collagen content was greater than that in the control group (p &lt; 0.05), and the expression levels of \u03b1- actinin-2 and p-Smad2 were also upregulated (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: \u03b1-Actinin-2 expression was increased in the atrial tissues of patients with AF secondary to RHD. \u03b1-Actinin-2 was upregulated via the TGF-\u03b21\/Smad pathway in atrial fibroblasts, which suggests that it may be involved in TGF-\u03b21\/Smad pathway-induced atrial fibrosis in patients with AF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000446362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]],"date-time":"2016-06-24T21:01:34Z","timestamp":1466802094000},"page":"151-159","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Increased \u03b1-Actinin-2 Expression in the Atrial Myocardium of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Related to Rheumatic Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuejiao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fajin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suxin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005119"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.107.754564"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2012.08.044"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2010.12.001"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq357"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E04-04-0353"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.03.110"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20713"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e318214876d"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(02)00258-4"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.019893"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.040"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0b013e3182073c78"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.09.064"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2006.02336.x"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-008-8080-8"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-005-0033-1"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.20063"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-011-0043-x"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08908"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0214"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.11.016"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12881-014-0099-0"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.113.000486"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2014.03.012"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1358\/mf.2002.24.6.693065"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.86.5.571"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000129579.59664.9d"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2008.00219.x"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvt074"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000366096"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-015-0613-2"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.000338"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.04.113"}],"container-title":["Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/446362","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/crd\/article-pdf\/135\/3\/151\/3895405\/000446362.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/crd\/article-pdf\/135\/3\/151\/3895405\/000446362.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:06:31Z","timestamp":1745431591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000446362"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000446362","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-6312","1421-9751"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-6312","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9751","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}