{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:33:03Z","timestamp":1761863583350,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The existence of a cause-effect relation between active smoking and new-onset asthma in adults, although supported by several studies, has not been proven yet. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Aims:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We aimed to prospectively study asthma incidence as a function of smoking habits in the Italian adult population. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; A population-based cohort of 5,241 non-asthmatics was enrolled in Verona and Sassari in 1998-2000. The cohort was contacted again in 2007-2009 within the Gene-Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases study, and 3,187 subjects (60.8%) answered a screening questionnaire on smoking habits and respiratory disorders. The relation between smoking habits and self-reported new-onset asthma, defined as asthma attacks\/use of medicines for asthma, was investigated by a multivariable logistic model. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; During follow-up, 145 new cases of asthma were observed, yielding a cumulative incidence of 4.6% (95% CI 3.9-5.4); cumulative incidence of asthma did not significantly differ among never-smokers (76\/1,666 = 4.6%), ex-smokers (30\/554 = 5.4%) and current smokers (39\/883 = 4.4%) (p = 0.641). In a multivariable analysis, the most important risk factor for asthma onset was allergic rhinitis (OR = 4.00, 95% CI 3.68-4.35). Compared to never-smokers, the risk of asthma onset was slightly increased in ex-smokers (OR = 1.28, 1.09-1.49) but not in current smokers (OR 1.01, 0.66-1.53). Current smoking became a significant predictor only when both new-onset wheezing and new-onset asthma were considered as the outcome (OR = 2.03, 1.35-3.05). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; In this prospective study, current smoking was not a risk factor for new-onset asthma, unless new-onset wheezing was also considered. The increase in asthma incidence among ex-smokers was likely due to reverse causation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000446509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,17]],"date-time":"2016-08-17T21:02:00Z","timestamp":1471467720000},"page":"149-157","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Smoking and New-Onset Asthma in a Prospective Study on Italian 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