{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T13:14:25Z","timestamp":1785762865945,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurodegener Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Behavioral and cognitive impairment are common in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and represent a continuum with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Olfactory dysfunction has been described in a subset of ALS patients and might be associated with frontotemporal and insular cortex dysfunction. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; To evaluate olfaction dysfunction in ALS patients and its relationship with either cognition or behavioral impairment. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; 28 consecutive ALS patients underwent an extensive cognitive and behavioral battery and were classified as patients with normal cognition (ALS-N, n = 11) or with part of the ALS-FTD spectrum (n = 17), including either cognitive or behavioral impairment or dementia. Odor verbal and visual identification and discrimination were investigated in patients and age-matched controls using a test adapted from the Sniffin' Sticks. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Olfactory function was significantly different between ALS-FTD spectrum patients and controls (p &lt; 0.001) and inversely correlated with behavioral and cognitive performance. The 10-point cutoff distinguished ALS-N from ALS-FTD spectrum patients with a sensitivity and specificity of 71 and 100%, respectively. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Hyposmia is common in a subset of ALS patients and strongly associated with behavioral and cognitive impairment. Olfactory testing may represent an early screening tool in order to identify ALS subjects with cognitive\/behavioral dysfunction. Further studies in larger series are mandatory in order to better investigate clinical and pathological aspects in this group of patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000446802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]],"date-time":"2016-08-05T21:01:22Z","timestamp":1470430882000},"page":"411-416","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Exploring Olfactory Function and Its Relation with Behavioral and Cognitive Impairment in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Pilotto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Compostella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maura","family":"Cosseddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Borroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Filosto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Padovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1134108"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17482960802654364"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-310734"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-300188"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.184"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-014-1261-7"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001614"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000960"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/NP300661"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10631.x"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17482968.2011.579133"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0379-5"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2008.521"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2011.02.004"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940111001015"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/146608200300079536"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(99)00210-5"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100021053"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307223"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303526"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0000000000000198"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr321"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/21678421.2015.1071397"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7761-0"}],"container-title":["Neurodegenerative Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/446802","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/446802","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/446802","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T18:11:11Z","timestamp":1745431871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000446802"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000446802","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-2854","1660-2862"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-2854","type":"print"},{"value":"1660-2862","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}