{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T04:58:09Z","timestamp":1783486689780,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3455,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: Radiation thyroiditis caused by &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;131&amp;lt;\/sup&amp;gt;I therapy for Graves' hyperthyroidism is asymptomatic in most patients and is rarely associated with pain or fever. Currently, there are few reports on the ultrasonographic findings of radiation thyroiditis after &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;131&amp;lt;\/sup&amp;gt;I therapy for Graves' hyperthyroidism. Case Report: We herein report 5 cases with painful radiation thyroiditis (including 2 febrile cases) after &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;131&amp;lt;\/sup&amp;gt;I therapy for Graves' hyperthyroidism. The cases included 4 women, aged 49, 50, 76, and 81 years, and 1 man, aged 60 years. Anterior neck pain developed 0-10 days after &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;131&amp;lt;\/sup&amp;gt;I administration (fixed dose of 481 MBq). Each patient visited our clinic 0-4 days after the development of anterior neck pain. The thyroid glands were noticeably enlarged (increasing from 18 g at &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;131&amp;lt;\/sup&amp;gt;I administration to 35 g after the development of anterior neck pain in 1 patient, and from 20 to 33 g, 21 to 39 g, 21 to 51 g, and 40 to 51 g in the other patients) and tender. The echogenicity of the thyroid parenchyma was increased, and the parenchyma was more heterogeneous. Granular hyperechoic lesions were scattered throughout the thyroid gland in the most severe case. The border between the thyroid gland and the surrounding tissue was blurred, and the surrounding tissue was hyperechoic. Conclusion: Painful radiation thyroiditis should be reacknowledged as one of the complications of &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;131&amp;lt;\/sup&amp;gt;I therapy for Graves' hyperthyroidism. Ultrasonography demonstrated the characteristic changes caused by &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;131&amp;lt;\/sup&amp;gt;I-induced radiation thyroiditis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000448398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,5]],"date-time":"2016-09-05T17:01:53Z","timestamp":1473094913000},"page":"201-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Painful Radiation Thyroiditis after 131I Therapy for Graves' Hyperthyroidism: Clinical Features and Ultrasonographic Findings in Five Cases"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3652-2658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Mizokami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuhiko","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsushi","family":"Maruta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiichiro","family":"Higashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junichi","family":"Tajiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070712474573700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonnema SJ, Heged\u00fcs L: Radioiodine therapy in benign thyroid diseases: effects, side effects, and factors affecting therapeutic outcome. Endocr Rev 2012;33;920-980.10.1210\/er.2012-103022961916","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2012-1030"},{"key":"2026070712474573700_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maxon HR, Thomas SR, Saenger EL, Buncher CR, Kereiakes JG: Ionizing irradiation and the induction of clinically significant disease in the human thyroid gland. Am J Med 1977;63:967-978.10.1016\/0002-9343(77)90552-6343589","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(77)90552-6"},{"key":"2026070712474573700_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ross DS: Radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism. N Engl J Med 2011;364:542-550.10.1056\/NEJMct100710121306240","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMct1007101"},{"key":"2026070712474573700_ref4","unstructured":"Sekizawa D, Nagasaka S, Takahashi N, Osuga J, Ishibashi S: A patient with Basedow's disease displaying transient exacerbation of thyrotoxicosis with fever and inflammatory response after radioiodine therapy (in Japanese, abstract in English). Jichi Med Univ J 2013;36:101-105."},{"key":"2026070712474573700_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakatake N, Fukata S, Tajiri J: Prediction of post-treatment hypothyroidism using changes in thyroid volume after radioactive iodine therapy in adolescent patients with Graves' disease. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol 2011;2011:14.10.1186\/1687-9856-2011-1422060749","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-9856-2011-14"},{"key":"2026070712474573700_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tajiri J: Radioactive iodine therapy for goitrous Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:4497-4500.10.1210\/jc.2006-116316895949","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1163"},{"key":"2026070712474573700_ref7","unstructured":"Shah KK, Tarasova V, Davidian M, Anderson RJ: Painful acute radiation thyroiditis induced by 131I treatment of Graves' disease. BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136\/bcr-2014-207670.10.1136\/bcr-2014-20767025576511"},{"key":"2026070712474573700_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hyer SL, Newbold K, Harmer CL: Early and late toxicity of radioiodine therapy: detection and management. Endocr Pract 2010;16:1064-1070.10.4158\/EP10170.RA20634173","DOI":"10.4158\/EP10170.RA"},{"key":"2026070712474573700_ref9","unstructured":"Baloch ZW, Livolsi VA: Pathology and cytopathology; in Braverman LE, Cooper DS (eds): Werner and Ingbar's The Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text, ed 10, rev. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, 2013, pp 326-353."}],"container-title":["European Thyroid Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/448398","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/etj\/article-pdf\/5\/3\/201\/29684\/etj448398.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/etj\/article-pdf\/5\/3\/201\/29684\/etj448398.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T17:10:29Z","timestamp":1783444229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/etj\/article\/5\/3\/201\/4013\/Painful-Radiation-Thyroiditis-after-131I-Therapy"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000448398","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-0802","2235-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-0802","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2235-0640","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]}}}