{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T15:44:07Z","timestamp":1767109447610,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present an encephalography (EEG) connectivity study where 30 healthy male nonsmokers were randomly allocated either to a nicotine group (14 subjects, 7 mg of transdermal nicotine) or to a placebo group. EEG activity was recorded in an eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) condition before and after drug administration. This is a reanalysis of a previous dataset. Through a source reconstruction procedure, we extracted 13 time series representing 13 sources belonging to a resting-state network. Here, we conducted connectivity analysis (renormalized partial directed coherence; rPDC) on sources, focusing on the frequency range of 8.5-18.4 Hz, subdivided into 3 frequency bands (\u03b1&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt;, \u03b1&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;, and \u03b2&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt;) with the hypothesis that an increase in vigilance would modulate connectivity. Furthermore, a phase-amplitude coupling (mean resultant vector length; VL) analysis, was performed investigating whether an increase of vigilance would modulate phase-amplitude coupling. In the VL analysis we estimated the coupling of the phases of 3 low frequencies (\u03b1&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt;, \u03b1&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;, and \u03b2&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;\/sub&gt;), respectively, with the amplitude of high-frequency oscillations (30-40 Hz, low &amp;#x03B3;). With rPDC we found that during the EC condition, nicotine decreased feedback connectivity (from the precentral gyrus to precuneus, angular gyrus, cuneus and superior occipital gyrus) at 10.5-12.4 Hz. The VL analysis showed nicotine-induced increases in coupling at 10.5-18.4 Hz in the precuneus, cuneus and superior occipital gyrus during the EC condition. During the EO condition, no significant results were found in connectivity or phase-amplitude coupling measures at any frequency range. In conclusion, the results suggest that nicotine potentially increases the level of vigilance in the EC condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000450711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T22:01:30Z","timestamp":1478037690000},"page":"48-59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Encephalography Connectivity on Sources in Male Nonsmokers after Nicotine Administration during the Resting State"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Ranzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan A.","family":"Freund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christiane M.","family":"Thiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph 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