{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:38:36Z","timestamp":1789605516121,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cerebrovasc Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Stroke is largely preventable, and therefore, a better understanding of risk factors is an essential step in reducing the population stroke rate and resulting disease burden in Arab countries. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Summary:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We performed 2 separate analyses in 2 similar populations of patients with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke. This first involved 3,635 patients in the Outcomes in Patients with TIA and Cerebrovascular disease (OPTIC) registry (followed for 2 years), with baseline collection of the usual risk factors and 5 socioeconomic variables (unemployment status, residence in rural area, living in fully serviced accommodation, no health-insurance coverage, and low educational level). The second involved patients in the PERFORM trial (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;\/i&gt; = 19,100 followed up for 2 years), with baseline collection of the usual risk factors and 1 socioeconomic variable (low educational level). The primary outcome was a composite of nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or cardiovascular death. Stroke risk factors were more prevalent in patients in Arab countries. The incidence of major cardiovascular events (MACE; age- and gender-adjusted) was higher in Arab countries (OPTIC, 18.5 vs. 13.3%; PERFORM, 18.4 vs. 9.7%; both &lt;i&gt;p &lt;\/i&gt;\u2264 0.0001). These results remained significant after adjustment on risk factors and were attenuated in OPTIC after further adjustment on socioeconomic variables (hazard ratio 1.24; 95% CI 0.98-1.55; &lt;i&gt;p &lt;\/i&gt;= 0.07). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Key Messages:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Patients with ischemic stroke living in Arab countries had a lower mean socioeconomic status, a much higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, and a higher rate of MACE compared with patients from non-Arab countries. This finding is partly explained by a higher prevalence of risk factors and also by a high prevalence of poverty and low educational level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000454776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]],"date-time":"2017-02-15T22:01:30Z","timestamp":1487196090000},"page":"169-177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Specificities of Ischemic Stroke Risk Factors in Arab-Speaking Countries"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Halim","family":"Abboud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Sissani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Labreuche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Arauz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Germaine","family":"Bousser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Bryer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Chamorro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim M.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Hennerici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo M.","family":"Lavados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayrton","family":"Massaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinrich P.","family":"Mattle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Munoz Collazos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Rothwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe Gabriel","family":"Steg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Vicaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassem","family":"Yamouth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Amarenco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the OPTIC Registry and PERFORM Trial Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000049137"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07493-4"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69895-4"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2012.00893.x"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000437068.30550.cf"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70025-0"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2001.2610"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000216835"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.12.1494"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijs.12290"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.05.016"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.18.2363"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.093336"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/902873"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62383-1"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdm.2009.03.003"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.284692"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2004.008169"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7396.962"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000209332.96513.82"}],"container-title":["Cerebrovascular Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/454776","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/454776","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/454776","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T17:04:04Z","timestamp":1745427844000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000454776"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000454776","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.4653898","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1015-9770","1421-9786"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1015-9770","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9786","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}