{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:52:39Z","timestamp":1787727159533,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Purpose:<\/i><\/b> In normal tension glaucoma (NTG), factors other than elevated intraocular pressure are likely to have a role in the pathogenesis of optic neuropathy. Recent studies of glaucoma or retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) reveal that the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is linked to the pathogenesis of glaucoma and may regulate RGC survival or death. The IL-6 (-174) G allele has also been shown to increase the IL-6 protein. We hypothesized that the IL-6 (-174) polymorphism may be a predisposing genetic factor affecting the severity of glaucoma. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the IL-6 polymorphism and serum IL-6 levels as a potential risk factor related to the severity of NTG. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> A total of 256 subjects with NTG in the Chinese population were enrolled. The patients were genotyped for the IL-6 (-174) C\/G polymorphism. Genomic DNA was amplified by a polymerase chain reaction, followed by the enzymatic restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Serum IL-6 levels were measured by ELISA. Patient age at diagnosis, cup\/disc (C\/D) ratio, rim area (RA), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and visual field (VF) were analyzed. The associations between genotypes of IL-6 (-174) C\/G and the clinical parameters were calculated using a logistic regression. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> The IL-6 (-174) GC genotype in NTG patients was significantly associated with a smaller C\/D ratio (<i>p<\/i> = 0.04), larger RA (<i>p<\/i> = 0.04), and thicker RNFL (<i>p<\/i> = 0.05) compared with IL-6 (-174) GG patients. The allele frequency of IL-6 (-174) C was significantly higher in the NTG patients at an early-moderate stage than at an advanced stage according to the C\/D ratio (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.31-0.99). Pattern standard deviation of VF was borderline lower in IL-6 (-174) GC patients (<i>p<\/i> = 0.06), and serum IL-6 levels were borderline higher in advanced stages than in early-moderate stages (7.66 \u00b1 3.22 vs. 4.46 \u00b1 3.83 pg\/mL; <i>p<\/i> = 0.06). <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> The IL-6 (-174) GC genotype is associated with a smaller C\/D ratio, larger RA, and thicker RNFL compared with IL-6 (-174) GG in NTG patients. We found that the IL-6 (-174) G\/C polymorphism and serum IL-6 levels may be associated with the severity of NTG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000455152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,13]],"date-time":"2017-02-13T17:01:37Z","timestamp":1487005297000},"page":"224-229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Analysis of the Interleukin-6 (-174) Locus Polymorphism and Serum IL-6 Levels with the Severity of Normal Tension Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Ching-Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiao-Ying","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Chao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keng-Hung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Nung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Cheng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Chen","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Jen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Yen","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Yin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Hung","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]]},"container-title":["Ophthalmic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/455152","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/455152","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/455152","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T13:07:36Z","timestamp":1745413656000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000455152"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000455152","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-3747","1423-0259"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-3747","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0259","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}