{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T13:45:30Z","timestamp":1778593530263,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,20]],"date-time":"2017-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,20]],"date-time":"2017-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gynecol Obstet Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Aim:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The aim of this study was to determine the effects of obesity on amniotic fluid (AF) inflammatory markers in second-trimester AF, testing the hypothesis that there is a relationship between maternal body mass index (BMI) and fetal inflammatory exposure. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; AF was obtained from 84 singleton pregnant women undergoing elective amniocentesis for karyotype analysis at 16-24 weeks of gestation between April 2014 and May 2016. The cell-free AF was used to analyze interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-6, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-6, and MMP-13. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; IL-1\u03b2 levels were significantly higher in class II-III obese patients than in class I obese, overweight, and normal weight patients (14.68 \u00b1 1.37 vs. 13.34 \u00b1 1.86 vs. 13.00 \u00b1 2.22 vs. 10.78 \u00b1 1.92, respectively; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). IL-6 levels were lowest in the normal weight group and highest in class II-III obese patients. MMP-1, MMP-6, and MMP-13 levels were also significantly higher in class II-III obese patients than in the other groups. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; This study demonstrated that the fetuses of class II-III obese women are exposed in utero to higher cytokine and MMP levels than fetuses of lean women. Modification of current cutoff levels of intra-amniotic cytokines and MMPs according to the BMI could improve the accuracy of the prenatal diagnosis of intra-amniotic infection and inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000455192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]],"date-time":"2017-01-19T22:06:35Z","timestamp":1484863595000},"page":"70-75","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Effects of Body Mass Index on Second-Trimester Amniotic Fluid Cytokine and Matrix Metalloproteinase Levels"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Rauf","family":"Melekoglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osman","family":"Ciftci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sevil","family":"Eraslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nese","family":"Basak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ebru","family":"Celik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,20]]},"container-title":["Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/455192","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/455192","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/455192","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T17:07:52Z","timestamp":1745428072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000455192"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,20]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000455192","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-7346","1423-002X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-7346","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-002X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,20]]}}}