{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T03:51:21Z","timestamp":1777866681243,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dev Pharmacol Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A total of 35 newborns whose mothers had been treated with either primidone\n(PMD), phenobarbital (PB) or a combination of one of these drugs with other antiepileptic\ndrugs were included in this study. Fetal\/matemal serum concentration ratios at birth, milk\/serum\nconcentration ratios and neonatal half-lives were determined for PMD, PB and phenylethylmalondiamide\n(PEMA). Steady-state serum levels of PMD in 2 nursed infants were 2.5\nand 0.7 \u00b5g\/ml, respectively, for PEMA values of 1.4 and 0.4 \u00b5g\/ml. PB steady-state concentrations\nranged between 2.0 and 13.0 \u00b5g\/ml (6 infants). Maternal PB serum protein binding\ndid not change during and after pregnancy. Neonatal free-fraction values at birth were similar\nto maternal values: 63.2 \u00b1 17.2% (n = 11). In the postnatal period, however, PB free-fraction\nvalues rose to more than 90% in some infants. In one case, neonatal free concentrations of PB\nwere even higher during the 1st week after birth than the corresponding maternal values.\nSymptoms of sedation were observed in these neonates for which elevated free-fraction values\nof PB could be responsible. Behavior problems, such as withdrawal symptoms, were observed\nin neonates who eliminated PMD with short half-lives, while other infants with longer PMD\nhalf-lifes or slower elimination because of nursing showed no such symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000457682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T17:09:04Z","timestamp":1502471344000},"page":"147-154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Primidone and Phenobarbital\nduring Lactation Period in Epileptic Women:\nTotal and Free Drug Serum Levels in the Nursed Infants and\nTheir Effects on Neonatal Behavior"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"W.","family":"Kuhnz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Helge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Nau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]},"container-title":["Developmental Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000457682","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T09:09:05Z","timestamp":1777540145000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000457682"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000457682","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-8305","2504-2505"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-8305","type":"print"},{"value":"2504-2505","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]}}}