{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T03:51:26Z","timestamp":1777866686378,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dev Pharmacol Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In tissue culture, sympathetic neurons exert a trophic effect on myocardial\ncells to alter the alpha-adrenergic response from positive to negative chronotropism. We\nhypothesized that this neurotrophic effect might be a result of the release of a humoral\nsubstance into the bulk phase of the culture medium by the neurons. The negative chronotropic\nresponse to alpha stimulation persisted in nerve-muscle cultures pretreated with\nthe muscarinic antagonist atropine, indicating that acetylcholine is not the trophic agent.\nFurther, variations in the concentration of norepinephrine, epinephrine or dopamine in\nthe nerve-muscle culture media do not account for the presence of a negative chronotropic\nresponse to alpha stimulation. Finally, muscle cells grown in the same petri dish\nwith innervated muscle cells, to allow conditioning of the muscle cell environment by the\nneurons, do not acquire a negative chronotropic response to alpha stimulation. The\nresults of this study clearly demonstrate that this trophic effect is not due to the release of\na humoral substance into the bulk phase of the culture medium, but requires close nervemuscle\nassociation. This suggests that the trophic effect may involve localized release and\ntranssynaptic transfer of a chemical substance other than a neurotransmitter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000457727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T17:09:04Z","timestamp":1502471344000},"page":"47-59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Trophic Influence of Sympathetic Neurons on the Cardiac Alpha-Adrenergic Response Requires Close Nerve-Muscle Association"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth D.","family":"Drugge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard B.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]},"container-title":["Developmental Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000457727","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T09:09:32Z","timestamp":1777540172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000457727"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000457727","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-8305","2504-2505"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-8305","type":"print"},{"value":"2504-2505","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]}}}