{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T03:20:47Z","timestamp":1789442447797,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Digestion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background\/Aims:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The treatment strategy for non-ampullary duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (NAD-NETs) \u226420 mm in diameter has not been established. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the detailed characteristics of NAD-NETs \u226420 mm in diameter to clarify the risk factors of subsequent metastasis. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The patients with NAD-NETs \u226420 mm in diameter who had been treated at 12 institutions between 1992 and 2013 were enrolled. Clinical records were retrieved, and histopathological findings of all cases were centrally reviewed by 2 pathologists. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We studied 49 patients with a mean follow-up period of 66.5 months. Thirty-five patients were initially treated with endoscopic resection (ER), and 14 with surgery. A univariate analysis revealed the ORs and 95% CIs of the risk factors for metastasis were lymphovascular invasion (12.5 [2.01-77.9]), multiple tumors (9.75 [1.46-65.4]), a tumor size of 11-20 mm (6.67 [1.21-36.6]), and World Health Organization grade G2 (7.13 [1.16-43.9]). Five-year overall and disease-specific survival rates were 86.1 and 97.2%, respectively. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; This is the first study to demonstrate the risk factors of metastasis in NAD-NETs \u226420 mm in diameter. These findings may be helpful for determining the appropriate therapeutic approach and the clinical strategy of treatment following ER.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000459619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,18]],"date-time":"2017-03-18T03:58:38Z","timestamp":1489809518000},"page":"201-209","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["The Risk Factors for Metastasis in Non-Ampullary Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors Measuring 20 mm or Less in 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