{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T15:16:44Z","timestamp":1777907804557,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/pages\/terms-and-conditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Pharmacopsychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Many features of manic-depressive illness can be mimicked in man by the use\nand withdrawal of amphetamines. In higher doses these drugs induce a syndrome virtually\nindistinguishable from paranoid schizophrenia. In this paper, some of the biochemical and\nphysiological effects of the amphetamines are examined with the hope of clarifying the\nnature of the biological changes in these two major functional psychoses. The actions of the\namphetamines are shown to reveal the operation of specific homeostatic or adaptive nervous\nmechanisms. These appear likely also to operate in adaptation to psychological stress. Evidence\nis presented that these mechanisms are malfunctioning in manic-depressive and acute\nschizophrenic states and that this accounts for many of the clinical features of these conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000468341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T17:20:01Z","timestamp":1502472001000},"page":"193-208","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["An Amphetamine Model of Manic Depressive Illness"],"prefix":"10.1159","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Mamelak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]},"container-title":["International Pharmacopsychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1159\/000468341","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:47:57Z","timestamp":1777643277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000468341"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000468341","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-8272","2504-2580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-8272","type":"print"},{"value":"2504-2580","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]}}}