{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T03:57:37Z","timestamp":1768795057650,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Haematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Objectives:<\/i><\/b> To explore the effect of the \u03b2-adrenoreceptor signaling pathway on myeloma cells. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> The myeloma U266 cell line was treated with epinephrine and propranolol. Cell proliferation was analyzed by MTS assay. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The \u03b2-receptor subtype and the key enzyme of epinephrine were identified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Epinephrine (5-50 \u03bc<smlcap>M<\/smlcap>) promoted U266 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner and neutralized the inhibition effect of bortezomib (25 and 50 ng\/mL) in vitro. Cell proliferation was inhibited by a \u03b2-receptor antagonist, propranolol, at a concentration of 50-200 \u03bc<smlcap>M<\/smlcap>. The proportions of early and late apoptotic cells were enhanced after treatment with propranolol. The expression of caspase 3\/7, 8, and 9 was elevated in propranolol-treated myeloma cells. Both \u03b2<sub>1<\/sub>- and \u03b2<sub>2<\/sub>-adrenoceptor mRNAs were expressed in the U266 cell line. Key enzymes dopamine hydroxylase and tyrosinehydroxylase were identified in myeloma cells. <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> Our results reveal that epinephrine stimulates myeloma cell growth in vitro while the \u03b2-blocker propranolol has an antiproliferative effect, indicating that stress hormones may trigger the progression of myeloma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000478517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,28]],"date-time":"2017-08-28T21:01:37Z","timestamp":1503954097000},"page":"103-110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Epinephrine Stimulates Cell Proliferation and Induces Chemoresistance in Myeloma Cells through the \u03b2-Adrenoreceptor in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"138","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8471-8460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaochen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junling","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt297"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncponc1134"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1820"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.343"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.2358"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2012.175"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.21802"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.09.126"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.33.5422"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.33.4441"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-012-1331-y"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.01.013"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.1083"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.101009"}],"container-title":["Acta Haematologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/478517","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/478517","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:37:31Z","timestamp":1745426251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000478517"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000478517","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-5792","1421-9662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-5792","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}