{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T13:48:47Z","timestamp":1793627327247,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background: &lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt;The relationship between serum potassium, mortality, and conditions commonly associated with dyskalemias, such as heart failure (HF), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and\/or diabetes mellitus (DM) is largely unknown. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We reviewed electronic medical record data from a geographically diverse population (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;\/i&gt; = 911,698) receiving medical care, determined the distribution of serum potassium, and the relationship between an index potassium value and mortality over an 18-month period in those with and without HF, CKD, and\/or DM. We examined the association between all-cause mortality and potassium using a cubic spline regression analysis in the total population, a control group, and in HF, CKD, DM, and a combined cohort. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; 27.6% had a potassium &lt;4.0 mEq\/L, and 5.7% had a value \u22655.0 mEq\/L. A U-shaped association was noted between serum potassium and mortality in all groups, with lowest all-cause mortality in controls with potassium values between 4.0 and &lt;5.0 mEq\/L. All-cause mortality rates per index potassium between 2.5 and 8.0 mEq\/L were consistently greater with HF 22%, CKD 16.6%, and DM 6.6% vs. controls 1.2%, and highest in the combined cohort 29.7%. Higher mortality rates were noted in those aged \u226565 vs. 50-64 years. In an adjusted model, all-cause mortality was significantly elevated for every 0.1 mEq\/L change in potassium &lt;4.0 mEq\/L and \u22655.0 mEq\/L. Diuretics and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors were related to hypokalemia and hyperkalemia respectively. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Mortality risk progressively increased with dyskalemia and was differentially greater in those with HF, CKD, or DM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000479802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T17:01:20Z","timestamp":1504285280000},"page":"213-221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":358,"title":["Association of Serum Potassium with All-Cause Mortality in Patients with and without Heart Failure, Chronic Kidney Disease, and\/or Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Allan J.","family":"Collins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertram","family":"Pitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Reaven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Funk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"McGaughey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Bushinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08580813"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi890"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.08.048"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm091"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.899526"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067140"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2015.1083977"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04451206"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00960112"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000437151"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-014-0720-9"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.06290616"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-6175.2004.03789.x"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2016.01.004"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.145839"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra035279"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.06.060"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1410853"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1414112"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.7446"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411487"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.15688"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2016.1185353"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/479802","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/479802","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T12:48:48Z","timestamp":1745412528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000479802"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000479802","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.5368576","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0250-8095","1421-9670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0250-8095","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}