{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T08:52:42Z","timestamp":1782377562869,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Addict Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Aims:<\/i><\/b> The nerve growth factor (NGF) and the vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) may be of importance for psychiatric diseases including substance use disorders. The aim of the study was to identify differences in the regulation of both neuropeptides via the DNA-methylation status of the promotor regions of NGF and VEGF-A in different forms of maintenance therapy for opioid dependence and the related stress regulation via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> We compared methylation levels of opioid-dependent patients receiving treatment with diamorphine (<i>n<\/i>\u00a0= 28) or levomethadone (<i>n<\/i>\u00a0= 54) and similar levels in a healthy control group (<i>n<\/i>\u00a0= 72). <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> There was a significantly higher methylation of VEGF-A in opioid-maintained patients with levomethadone compared to that in the control group (estimated marginal means [EMM] [SE]): 0.036 [0.003] vs. 0.020 [0.003]; <i>p<\/i>\u00a0&#x3c; 0.001). We performed a cluster analysis for NGF, splitting up the results in 4 clusters. We found significant changes in methylation rates of the opioid-maintained patients compared to the controls in cluster I ([EMM] [SE]: 0.064 [0.005] vs. 0.084 [0.006]; <i>p<\/i>\u00a0= 0.03), cluster II ([EMM] [SE]: 0.133 [0.013] vs. 0.187 [0.014]; <i>p<\/i>\u00a0&#x3c; 0.001) and cluster III ([EMM] [SE]: 0.190 [0.014] vs. 0.128 [0.016]; <i>p<\/i>\u00a0&#x3c; 0.001). <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> The results are of importance, as they indicate that long-term changes in stress regulation regulated by neurotrophines are a crucial part of the symptomatology of opioid dependence, thus influencing drug consumption and the different forms of opioid-maintenance therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000485030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,8]],"date-time":"2017-12-08T22:02:10Z","timestamp":1512770530000},"page":"249-259","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Epigenetic Regulation of the Promotor Region of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A and Nerve Growth Factor in Opioid-Maintained Patients"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Adrian","family":"Groh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Jahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Burkert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Neyazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Schares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Janke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Rehme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8027-5159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rilana","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hillemacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Bleich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helge","family":"Frieling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarie","family":"Heberlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e328358ad36"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2015.09.001"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(01)00456-5"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7410.310"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.026112"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810635"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02185.x"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1947601911423031"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devbrainres.2003.09.022"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(03)00407-5"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.02.067"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.04.020"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.06.005"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000337212"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(03)46008-1"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(03)46025-1"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-141068"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn013"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.05.011"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.05.067"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-002-1290-7"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.12.048"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2015.12.005"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.01.052"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1335739"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bfgp\/elw017"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.08.018"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2014.10.014"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-016-0668-7"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2010.00215.x"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-006X.44.3.40"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(00)00169-0"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bth346"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2012.11.038"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881107078491"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(92)90153-3"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.12.005"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(13)71031-4"}],"container-title":["European Addiction Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/485030","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/485030","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:21:11Z","timestamp":1745425271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000485030"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000485030","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1022-6877","1421-9891"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1022-6877","type":"print"},{"value":"1421-9891","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}