{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:07:11Z","timestamp":1790680031646,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> This study aims to compare allele and genotype frequencies of a 30-bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism of the <i>DAT1<\/i> gene, located at intron 8, between adult crack cocaine users and nonaddicted individuals. Due to its involvement in drug addiction, this gene is a good candidate for molecular studies. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> A cross-sectional sample of 239 current adult crack abusers or dependents from in- and outpatient clinics and 211 control individuals was collected in Brazil. They were evaluated using ASRS, ASI-6, WAIS-III, and MINI assessments. DNA samples extracted from whole blood were genotyped for the intron 8 VNTR in <i>DAT1<\/i>. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Logistic regression analysis was performed and controlled for gender, age, ethnicity, educational level, and comorbidities of clinical interest (generalized anxiety disorder, suicide risk, major depressive episode, and attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder). This analysis showed that the 6R6R genotype was associated with crack cocaine addiction (OR = 1.844; CI = 1.101\u20133.089; <i>p<\/i> = 0.020). <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> Our results are consistent with the role of <i>DAT1<\/i> in the neurobiology of drug addiction. Nevertheless, the study of other genes, environmental factors, and their interactions is also important to gain a broader understanding of this condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000485128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,12]],"date-time":"2018-01-12T22:01:59Z","timestamp":1515794519000},"page":"141-144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association between the Intron 8 VNTR Polymorphism of the <b><i>DAT1<\/i><\/b> Gene and Crack Cocaine Addiction"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Anderson\u00a0R.","family":"Stolf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaqueline\u00a0B.","family":"Schuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gl\u00e1ucia\u00a0C.","family":"Akutagava-Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciano\u00a0S.P.","family":"Guimaraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia\u00a0M.","family":"Szobot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Halpern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix\u00a0H.P.","family":"Kessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Pechansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Roman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010611-134625"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.02.021"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2012.685407"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.3.261"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.11.1313"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1380106"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2010.07.043"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YPG.0b013e32833b6320"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30540"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000365992"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504789103"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.19.5444"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00217369"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1934"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-2392-1-6"}],"container-title":["Neuropsychobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/485128","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/485128","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:22:18Z","timestamp":1745425338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000485128"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000485128","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-282X","1423-0224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-282X","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}