{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T17:00:40Z","timestamp":1778864440446,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523318400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Purpose:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Vision-threatening ocular inflammation can be a devastating complication of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Here we performed a retrospective observational study to describe the safety and efficacy of treating scleritis and uveitis with either cyclophosphamide or rituximab in GPA. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; A chart review of patients diagnosed with GPA-associated scleritis or uveitis, treated with either cyclophosphamide or rituximab as the final therapy at our clinic, was conducted. A total of 1 year of follow-up visits was required for inclusion in the study. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Thirteen patients (19 eyes) suffering from GPA-associated scleritis and\/or uveitis were identified. As the final therapy, rituximab was administered to 9 patients and cyclophosphamide to 4. Mean duration of follow-up was 55 months (range 16\u201323 months). Remission was observed in all patients. Three patients had a flare of scleritis after the completion of therapy, and they were restarted on their respective agents. One patient had a flare of retinal vasculitis during rituximab therapy. One patient on cyclophosphamide experienced transient leukopenia. No adverse side effects of rituximab were noted throughout the course of treatment. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Cyclophosphamide and rituximab are safe and effective agents for controlling scleritis and uveitis associated with GPA, with eventual progression towards steroid-sparing remission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000486791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T21:01:23Z","timestamp":1523394083000},"page":"44-50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Cyclophosphamide or Rituximab Treatment of Scleritis and Uveitis for Patients with Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Aseef\u00a0","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.\u00a0Stephen","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(54)90255-7"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-007-9109-y"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)01251-X"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.07.021"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(94)31325-X"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-013-0016-1"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307460"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12177-009-9044-4"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5582\/irdr.2016.01014"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000919"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-3198-5"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273940802331643"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032534"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.03.037"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.09.049"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/187152809787582552"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-6502-8"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.08.002"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(83)34574-7"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00710-8"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(05)70234-9"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30361-3"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(98)00051-4"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(84)34160-4"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(03)00077-9"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.088096"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0454"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020286"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1404231"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0909905"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1213277"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(04)00112-8"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-10-186999"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/486791","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/486791","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:37:35Z","timestamp":1745426255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000486791"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000486791","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-3747","1423-0259"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-3747","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0259","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]}}}